Crystal forms of saxagliptin and processes for preparing same

ABSTRACT

Physical crystal structures of a compound of the formula I: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     are provided including the free base monohydrate thereof (form H-1) and the hydrochloric acid salt thereof, including hydrochloric acid salt containing 0.75 equivalent of H 2 O (form H0.75-3) and hydrochloric acid salt containing 2 equivalents of H 2 O (form H2-1), and hydrochloric acid salt Pattern P-5, preferably in substantially pure form, and other forms as described herein, pharmaceutical compositions containing structures of compound I or IA, processes for preparing same, intermediates used in preparing same, and methods of treating diseases such as diabetes using such structures.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to polymorphic crystal structures ofsaxagliptin, pharmaceutical compositions thereof, process for preparingsuch crystal structures, and methods of treating disorders, such asdiabetes, therewith.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The compound of the structure

(or its hydrochloride salt, or trifluoroacetic acid salt) (hereinafterthe above DPP4-inhibitor or saxagliptin) is an orally active reversibledipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibitor, which is a therapeutic agentfor treatment of Type-2 diabetes mellitus, obesity and related diseaseswhich is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,395,767, Example 60.

U.S. application Ser. No. 10/716,012 (Publication No. US2005/0090539A1,published Apr. 28, 2005) discloses a process for preparing saxagliptinincluding the benzoate salt thereof (Scheme VII, Example 41), the freebase (Example 42), free base monohydrate thereof (Example 42) and thehydrochloric acid salt thereof (Scheme VIIB, Example 42), the disclosureof which is incorporated herein by reference.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In accordance with the present invention, there are provided crystalstructures of saxagliptin which has the formula I:

preferably in substantially pure form, including

A. the free base of saxagliptin and hydrates thereof including

(a) the crystalline free base of saxagliptin, which is form N-3,preferably in substantially pure form;

(b) the monohydrate of the free base of saxagliptin containing 1equivalent H₂O, which is form H-1, preferably in substantially pureform; and/or

(c) the hemihydrate of the free base of saxagliptin containing 0.5equivalent H₂O, which is form H.5-2, preferably in substantially pureform.

B. the hydrated hydrochloride salt of saxagliptin which is

(a) the monohydrochloride salt H2-1 form containing 2 equivalents H₂O,preferably in substantially pure form;

(b) the monohydrochloride H0.75-3 form containing 0.75 equivalents H₂O,preferably in substantially pure form;

(c) the monohydrochloride H1.25-2 form containing 1.25 equivalents H₂O,preferably in substantially pure form;

(d) the 1.33 hydrochloride H1.67-1 form containing 1.67 equivalents H₂O,preferably in substantially pure form; (composition is 3 drug:4HCl:5H₂O)

(e) the dihydrochloride salt form H2-1 containing 2 equivalents H₂O,preferably in substantially pure form;

(f) the hydrochloride salt of saxagliptin which is Pattern P-5; or

(g) a mixture of two or more of B.(a), B.(b), B.(c), and/or B(f),preferably a mixture of B.(a), B.(b), and/or B(f), or a mixture of B(a)and B(f), preferably in substantially pure form.

C. the hydrated HBr salt of saxagliptin which is

(a) the H2-1 form containing 2 equivalents H₂O, preferably insubstantially pure form; and

(b) the H1-2 form (also referred to as form T1H2) containing 1equivalent H₂O, preferably in substantially pure form.

D. the hydrated HI (hydrogen iodide) salt of saxagliptin, which is formH2-1 containing 2 equivalents H₂O, preferably in substantially pureform.

E. the hydrated ammonium sulfate (NH₄SO₄) salt of saxagliptin which isthe H3-1 form containing 3 equivalents H₂O, preferably in substantiallypure form.

F. the nitrate (NO₃) salt of saxagliptin (form N-1), preferably insubstantially pure form.

G. the R—H (1:1)-tartrate salt which is form H.5-1 containing 0.5equivalent H₂O, preferably in substantially pure form.

H. the (2:1) fumarate salt of saxagliptin which is form H4-1 containing4 equivalents H₂O, preferably in substantially pure form.

I. the trifluoroacetic acid salt of saxagliptin which is

(a) the trifluoroacetic acid salt form N-1 in substantially pure form;

(b) the hydrated trifluoroacetic acid salt form H2-2 containing 2equivalents H₂O in substantially pure form; or

(c) the hemihydrated trifluoroacetic acid salt form H.5-1 containing 0.5equivalent H₂O in substantially pure form.

J. the hydrated benzoate salt of saxagliptin which is form H-1containing 1 equivalent H₂O of the structure

in substantially pure form.

The following Table I sets out the structures for each of the forms Athrough J (not including A(f)) disclosed above in accordance with thepresent invention.

TABLE I B = the base = Saxagliptin Other compounds in Form Name Drug(s)in asymmetric unit asymmetric unit H2-1 BH⁺ Cl⁻ 2 H₂O H0.75-3 2 (BH⁺Cl⁻) 0.75 H₂O H1.25-2 2 (BH⁺ Cl⁻) 1.25 H₂O H1.67-1 * 3 (BH⁺ Cl⁻) H₅O₂⁺ + Cl− + 3 H₂O H2-1 * (BH⁺ Cl⁻) H₅O₂ ⁺ Cl− H2-1 BH⁺ Br⁻ 2 H₂O H1-2BH⁺Br⁻ 1 H₂O H2-1 BH⁺ I⁻ 2 H₂O H3-1 (BH⁺)(NH₄ ⁺)SO₄ ⁼ 3 H₂O H4-1 2(BH⁺)fumarate−⁼ 4 H₂O H.5-1 2(BH⁺ R-H-tartrate⁻) 1 H₂O H-1 BH⁺ benzoate⁻ 1H₂O N-1 BH⁺ NO₃ ⁻ None N-1 BH⁺ TFA⁻ None H2-2 BH⁺ TFA⁻ 2 H₂O H.5-1 **(BH⁺TFA⁻) + B 1 H₂O H-1 B 1 H₂O H.5-2 B 0.5 H₂O N-3 3 B None * a“hyperacid salt”-more than one HCl per drug ** a “hyperbase salt”-lessthan one TFA per drug

The various crystal structures (or polymorphs) of saxagliptin of theinvention described above when in solution will convert to the free basesaxagliptin which is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,395,767.

Any of the crystal structures of saxagliptin of the invention asdescribed above may be employed in various pharmaceutical formulations(as described hereinafter) for use in treating diabetes and relateddiseases, in accordance with the present invention. Preferred crystalstructures of saxagliptin of the invention will be those which can bereadily prepared, easy to scale-up, have acceptable shelf-life and arein salt forms generally accepted for use in pharmaceutical formulations.Accordingly, crystalline hydrochloride salts of saxagliptin aregenerally preferred over other salts such as the HBr salt, HI salt,nitrate salt, trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) salt, benzoate salt, fumaratesalt, tartrate salt, ammonium sulfate salt, and nitrate salt. Morepreferred is the saxagliptin HCl salt dihydrate form H2-1 alone or incombination with the HCl salt Pattern P-5.

In another embodiment of the present invention, a pharmaceuticalcomposition is provided which includes any of the crystalline forms ofsaxagliptin of the invention as set out above and a pharmaceuticallyacceptable carrier therefor.

In another embodiment of the present invention, a process is providedfor forming crystalline forms of saxagliptin, including the followingcrystalline salts of saxagliptin: HCl, HBr, H₁, NH₄SO₄, TFA(trifluoroacetic acid), hemihydrate (form H.5-2) (0.5 equiv. H₂O) TFA,NO₃, benzoate, (1:1) H-tartrate and (2:1) fumarate, wherein the TFA saltis converted to such crystalline salts through ionic metathesis in wateraccording to the following reaction:

aqueous saxagliptin H^(⊕)TFA⁻+R^(⊕)X⁻→saxagliptin H^(⊕)X⁻+R^(⊕)TFA⁻

wherein X⁻ represents the salt anion.

The above ionic metathesis processes of the invention are summarizedbelow:

Aqueous Saxagliptin TFA Salt+ R^(⊕)X⁻ Salt Form Form Na₂ tartrate(1:1)TFA N-1 KH₂PO₄ (1:1)TFA H2-2 NaCl HCl H2-1 KBr HBr H2-1 KI HI H2-1(NH₄)₂SO₄ NH₄SO₄ H3-1 Na₃ (citrate) or + Na₂ (succinate) or + HemiTFAH.5-1 K₂HPO₄ or + NaF KNO₃ NO₃ N-1 Na benzoate Benzoate H-1 NaH tartrate(1:1) H-tartrate H.5-1 Na₂ (fumarate) (2:1) fumarate H4-1

In carrying out the above-described process of the invention, thesaxagliptin TFA salt is dissolved in warm water and the requisite saltas listed above (for example, from about 1 to about 3 fold excess) isadded. Crystals of the new salt form upon standing.

In yet another embodiment of the present invention, a process forpreparing crystalline saxagliptin in the form of the monohydrate of itsfree base (form H-1) is provided as described below.

A first process for preparing crystalline saxagliptin in the form of themonohydrate of its free base (form H-1) includes the steps of:

(a) providing the Boc-protected form of saxagliptin having the structure

(b) dissolving the protected saxagliptin from step (a) in an organicsolvent such as ethyl acetate, isopropyl acetate or methyltetrahydrofuran preferably ethyl acetate;

(c) reacting the solution from step (b) with a strong mineral acid suchas hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid or sulfuric acid, preferablyhydrochloric acid;

(d) if necessary, adding organic solvent such as described in step (b)to the reaction mixture from step (c);

(e) cooling the reaction mixture to a temperature within the range fromabout 5 to about 35° C., preferably from about 15 to about 25° C.;

(f) treating the cooled mixture from step (e) with base, such aspotassium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, or sodium hydroxide,preferably anhydrous potassium carbonate;

(g) filtering the mixture from step (f) to separate the solids fromfiltrate;

(h) optionally, washing the solids with organic solvent (as set out instep (b));

(i) collecting and concentrating filtrate;

(j) if necessary, adding water to the filtrate;

(k) agitating the filtrate until crystals form;

(l) optionally, repeating step (j);

(m) optionally, agitating the filtrate; and

(n) recovering crystals of saxagliptin free base monohydrate (form H-1)in substantially pure form.

A second process for preparing crystalline saxagliptin in the form ofthe monohydrate of its free base (form H-1) includes the steps of:

(a) providing the Boc-protected saxagliptin IA;

(b) reacting a mixture of the Boc-protected saxagliptin IA with anorganic solvent such as methylene chloride, 1,2-dichloroethane, orchlorobenzene preferably methylene chloride, an alcohol such asmethanol, ethanol or isopropanol, preferably methanol, with a strongmineral acid, such as hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid or sulfuricacid, preferably hydrochloric acid, during which an aqueous phase and anorganic phase form;

(c) collecting the aqueous phase;

(d) mixing the aqueous phase with organic solvent such as used in step(b), preferably methylene chloride, water, and then strong base such asan alkali metal base, such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide,preferably sodium hydroxide, to adjust pH to within the range from about8.8 to about 10.8, preferably from about 9.0 to about 10.5;

(e) adding sodium chloride to the reaction mixture;

(f) mixing the reaction mixture, whereby an aqueous phase and an organicphase form;

(g) optionally, washing the organic layer with a salt or brine solutionsuch as ammonium chloride brine solution to form an aqueous layer and anorganic layer;

(h) treating the organic layer with an organic solvent such as ethylacetate, isopropyl acetate or methyl tetrahydrofuran, preferably ethylacetate, while distilling off a portion of organic solvent such asmethylene chloride;

(i) filtering the remaining distillation product to remove sodiumchloride;

(j) concentrating the filtrate to obtain approximately 1 g saxagliptinper 10 mL of ethyl acetate;

(k) adding water to the mixture from step (j) until crystallizationbegins;

(l) optionally, adding additional water to form a slurry;

(m) optionally, mixing the slurry;

(n) filtering the slurry;

(o) optionally, washing the resulting wet cake with an organic solventas defined in step (h), preferably ethyl acetate;

(p) drying the wet cake under vacuum to obtain crystalline saxagliptinin the form of the monohydrate of its free base (form H-1); and

(q) recovering the crystalline saxagliptin monohydrate form H-1 insubstantially pure form.

In yet another embodiment of the present invention, a third process forpreparing crystalline saxagliptin in the form of the monohydrate of itsfree base (form H-1) is provided which includes the steps of:

(a) providing the Boc-protected form of saxagliptin (IA);

(b) heating the Boc-protected form of saxagliptin (IA) in a watermiscible organic solvent such as isopropanol, methanol, or acetonitrile,preferably isopropanol, water and concentrated mineral acid such ashydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, or methanesulfonic acid, preferablyhydrochloric acid, at a temperature within the range from about 55 toabout 75° C., preferably from about 60 to about 70° C.;

(c) adding water to the heated mixture;

(d) cooling the mixture from step (c) to a temperature within the rangefrom about 15 to about 35° C., preferably from about 20 to about 30° C.;

(e) adding to the cooled mixture an organic solvent such as methylenechloride, 1,2-dichloroethane or chlorobenzene, preferably methylenechloride, and adjusting the pH of the mixture to within the range fromabout 8 to about 10, preferably from about 8.5 to about 9.5 (using abase such as an alkali metal hydroxide, for example, sodium hydroxide,or potassium hydroxide preferably sodium hydroxide and potassiumcarbonate);

(f) dissolving sodium chloride in the pH adjusted solution which formstwo phases;

(g) separating the two phases and collecting the rich organic phase;

(h) concentrating the rich organic phase to remove residual water;

(i) cooling the organic phase to a temperature within the range fromabout 15 to about 35° C., preferably from about 20 to about 30° C.;

(j) adding ethyl acetate or other organic solvent such as isopropylacetate, or methyl tetrahydrofuran, preferably ethyl acetate, to thecooled mixture;

(k) filtering the resulting solution to remove residual sodium chloride;

(l) adding water to the solution, and upon standing, to form crystals ofsaxagliptin free base monohydrate; and

(m) recovering crystals of saxagliptin free base monohydrate insubstantially pure form.

Crystals of saxagliptin free base monohydrate (form H-1) may berecovered in step (l) above according to the following steps:

(a) adding water to the product in step (l);

(b) performing constant volume distillation at less than about 30° C. byadding ethyl acetate at approximately the rate of distillation;

(c) adding water to the mixture from step (b) and cooling to atemperature within the range from about 0 to about 15° C., preferablyfrom about 0 to about 10° C.;

(d) filtering solids from the mixture;

(e) washing the resulting cake with a mixture of organic solvent such asethyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, or methyl tetrahydrofuran, preferablyethyl acetate, and water;

(f) drying at about 30 to about 50° C., preferably from about 35 toabout 45° C. while maintaining the dewpoint about −8° C.; and

(g) recovering crystals of the saxagliptin free base (form H-1)monohydrate in substantially pure form.

In still another aspect of the present invention, a process forpreparing crystalline saxagliptin in the form of the free base (formN-3) is provided which includes the steps of:

(a) providing saxagliptin in the form of its monohydrate of the freebase

(that is form H-1);

(b) dissolving the H-1 form of saxagliptin in a suitable organic solventsuch as methylene chloride, isopropyl alcohol, or methanol, preferablymethylene chloride, or a mixture of one or more thereof such as amixture of methylene chloride and isopropyl alcohol;

(c) evaporating the resulting solution in step (b) to dryness to form anoil;

(d) dissolving the resulting oil from step (c) in a suitable organicsolvent such as ethyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, or methyltetrahydrofuran, preferably ethyl acetate; and

(e) evaporating the resulting solution from step (d) to form a slurry ofcrystals of the free base of saxagliptin (form N-3).

The slurry of form N-3 free base can be dried, recovered insubstantially pure form, and stored under nitrogen to preventrehydration to the monohydrate H-1 form.

In yet another embodiment of the present invention, a process forpreparing crystalline saxagliptin free base in the form of itshemihydrate (form H.5-2) is provided which includes the step ofdissolving saxagliptin free base in warm xylene whereby crystals ofsaxagliptin free base 0.5 hydrate appear upon standing.

In another embodiment of the invention, a process is provided forpreparing the crystalline dihydrochloride salt of saxagliptin in theform of its dihydrate which is form H2-1 which includes the steps of:

(a) dissolving the free base monohydrate of saxagliptin (form H-1) inconcentrated HCl and dioxane and alcohol such as ethanol; and

-   (b) recovering crystals of the dihydrochloride salt form H2-1 upon    standing at room temperature.

In still another embodiment of the invention, a process is provided forpreparing the crystalline monohydrochloride salt of saxagliptin in theform of its dihydrate which is form H2-1, which includes the steps of:

(a) providing saxagliptin in the form of its trifluoroacetic acid salt;

(b) dissolving the salt from step (a) in water;

(c) adjusting the pH of the resulting aqueous solution to a pH withinthe range from about 9 to about 9.8, preferably from about 9.2 to about9.6 with a strong base such as an alkali metal hydroxide, such as sodiumhydroxide or potassium hydroxide, preferably sodium hydroxide, to forman aqueous phase and an organic phase;

(d) treating the resulting solution from step (c) with an organicsolvent such as methylene chloride, 1,2-dichloroethane or chlorobenzene,preferably methylene chloride, to extract the aqueous layer from therich methylene chloride (organic solvent) layer;

(e) adding a solution of hydrochloric acid to the rich organic(methylene chloride) solution;

(f) evaporating the organic (methylene chloride) solution to dryness;

(g) dissolving the resulting solids from step (f) in an alcohol solventsuch as ethanol, methanol or isopropanol, preferably ethanol;

(h) heating the alcohol (ethanol) solution from step (g) to atemperature within the range from about 35 to about 60° C., preferablyfrom about 40 to about 50° C.;

(i) adding t-butylmethyl ether (MTBE) or other slurrying agent, such asethyl acetate or isopropyl acetate, to the heated solution from step (h)to form a slurry;

(j) cooling the resulting slurry;

(k) filtering the slurry;

(l) drying the resulting wet cake to obtain crystals of saxagliptindihydrate in the form of its hydrochloride salt (form H2-1); and

(m) recovering the crystals of saxagliptin dihydrate of its mono HClsalt in substantially pure form.

In yet another embodiment of the invention, a process is provided forpreparing the crystalline 1.33 hydrochloride salt of saxagliptin in theform of its hydrate (form H1.67-1) which includes the steps of:

(a) providing the BOC protected compound

(b) dissolving the BOC protected compound in an organic solvent,preferably ethyl acetate;

(c) reacting the BOC protected compound with hydrochloric acid to formcrystals of saxagliptin; and

(d) recovering the so-formed crystals of hydrated 1.33 hydrogen chloridesalt of saxagliptin, Form H1.67-1.

In another embodiment of the invention, a process is provided forpreparing the crystalline hydrochloride salt of saxagliptin in the formof its hydrate (0.75 equivalent H₂O) (form H0.75-3) which includes thesteps of:

(a) heating the monohydrochloride salt dihydrate (form H2-1) at atemperature from about 25 to about 55° C. for about 1 to about 2 hours;and

(b) recovering crystals of the hydrochloride salt form H0.75-3.

In still another embodiment of the present invention, a process forpreparing crystalline hydrochloride salt of saxagliptin in the form ofits 1.25 hydrate (form H1.25-2) is provided which includes the step ofdissolving saxagliptin free base in hydrochloric acid containing about 5to about 20% methanol, preferably from about 8 to about 12% methanol,whereby crystals of saxagliptin hydrochloride (1.25 equiv. H₂O) (formH1.25-2) appear upon standing.

In yet another embodiment of the present invention, a process forpreparing crystalline saxagliptin in the form of its tartrate saltcontaining 1 equivalent of H₂O (form H.5-1) is provided which includesthe steps of:

(a) providing saxagliptin in the form of its trifluoroacetic acid salt;

(b) dissolving the salt from step (a) in water;

(c) adjusting the pH of the resulting aqueous solution from step (b) toa pH within the range from about 9 to about 9.8, preferably from about9.2 to about 9.6, with a strong base, such as an alkali metal hydroxide,for example, sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide, preferably sodiumhydroxide;

(d) treating the resulting solution from step (c) with an organicsolvent such as methylene chloride 1,2-dichloromethane or chlorobenzene,preferably methylene chloride, to extract the rich aqueous layer fromthe rich organic (methylene chloride) layer;

(e) adding an alcohol such as ethanol, methanol or isopropanol,preferably ethanol, to the rich organic (methylene chloride) solution;

(f) heating the resulting solution from step (e) to a temperature withinthe range from about 25 to about 45° C., preferably from about 32 toabout 40° C.;

(g) treating the resulting heated solution from step (f) with seeds ofthe tartrate salt of saxagliptin;

(h) separately dissolving L-tartrate in an alcohol solvent such asethanol, methanol or isopropanol, preferably ethanol;

(i) mixing the resulting tartrate solution with the (seeded) saxagliptintartrate rich solution from step (g) to form a slurry;

(j) cooling the slurry from step (i); and

(k) recovering the crystalline saxagliptin in the form of the tartratesalt, preferably in substantially pure form.

In yet another embodiment of the present invention, a process isprovided for preparing the hydrated HBr (hydrogen bromide) salt ofsaxagliptin which is form H1-2 containing 1 equiv. H₂O which includesthe steps of heating the H2-1 form of the HBr salt of saxagliptin at atemperature from about 25 to about 55° C. for about 1 to about 2 hours,and recovering crystals of the form H1-2 HBr salt containing 1 equiv.H₂O.

In another embodiment of the present invention, a process is providedfor preparing the benzoate monohydrate of saxagliptin which is form H-1,which includes the steps of:

(a) providing saxagliptin-trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) salt in D.I. water;

(b) adjusting the pH of the resulting aqueous solution to from about 8.5to about 9.5, preferably about 9.1 with a strong base such as an alkalimetal hydroxide, such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide,preferably sodium hydroxide, to form an aqueous layer and an organiclayer;

(c) extracting the aqueous layer with an organic solvent such asmethylene chloride, 1,2-dichloromethane, or chlorobenzene, preferablymethylene chloride;

(d) drying the organic (methylene chloride) solution to dryness;

(e) recovering the resulting solid;

(f) dissolving the solid in an alcohol solvent such as ethanol, methanolor isopropanol, preferably ethanol;

-   (g) adding a solution of benzoic acid preferably in an alcohol    solvent such as ethanol, methanol or isopropyl alcohol, preferably    ethanol, to the organic (ethanol) solution from step (f) in portions    to form a slurry of crystalline material;

(h) optionally, stirring the resulting slurry;

(i) filtering the slurry from step (g) or (h) to recover the wet cake;

(j) optionally, washing the wet cake with alcohol solvent as in step(f), preferably ethanol;

(k) drying the wet cake to obtain crystals of saxagliptin benzoatemonohydrate; and

(l) recovering crystals of saxagliptin benzoate monohydrate insubstantially pure form.

In still another embodiment of the present invention, a process isprovided for preparing the hydrochloride salt of saxagliptin which isthe Pattern P-5, which includes the steps of:

(a) forming a mixture of the hydrochloride salt of saxagliptin H2-1 form(mono-HCl salt dihydrate) in dry ethanol;

(b) heating the part (a) mixture to a temperature from 40 to 50° C.,preferably 45° C., until all H2-1 form dissolves in solution; and

(c) cooling the part (b) solution to from 28° C. to room temperature toform crystals of the Pattern P-5.

In addition, in accordance with the present invention, a method isprovided for treating diabetes, especially Type II diabetes, as well asimpaired glucose homeostasis, impaired glucose tolerance, infertility,polycystic ovary syndrome, growth disorders, frailty, arthritis,allograft rejection in transplantation, autoimmune diseases (such asscleroderma and multiple sclerosis), various immunomodulatory diseases(such as lupus erythematosis or psoriasis), AIDS, intestinal diseases(such as necrotizing enteritis, microvillus inclusion disease or celiacdisease), inflammatory bowel syndrome, chemotherapy-induced intestinalmucosal atrophy or injury, anorexia nervosa, osteoporosis, Syndrome X,dysmetabolic syndrome, diabetic complications, dyslipidemia,hyperinsulinemia, obesity, atherosclerosis and related diseases, as wellas inflammatory bowel disease (such as Crohn's disease and ulcerativecolitis), wherein a therapeutically effective amount of a crystallinesaxagliptin form of the invention (which inhibits DPP4) is administeredto a human patient in need of treatment.

The conditions, diseases, and maladies collectively referenced to as“Syndrome X” or Metabolic Syndrome are detailed in Johannsson, J. Clin.Endocrinol. Metab., 82:727-734 (1997).

In addition, in accordance with the present invention, a method isprovided for treating diabetes and related diseases as defined above andhereinafter as well as any of the other disease states mentioned above,wherein a therapeutically effective amount of a combination of acrystalline saxagliptin form of the invention and one, two, three ormore of other types of antidiabetic agent(s) (which may be employed totreat diabetes and related diseases) and/or one, two or three or moreother types of therapeutic agent(s) is administered to a human patientin need of treatment.

Another embodiment of the invention relates to the use of a compound offormula I in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment ofdiabetes. Another embodiment of the invention relates to the compound offormula I of the invention for use in therapy in treating diabetes.

Another embodiment of the invention relates to the compound of formula Iof the invention for use in treating diabetes in a mammal.

Another embodiment of the invention relates to the use of a compound offormula I of the invention in the manufacture of a medicament fortreatment of diabetes, in which such treatment comprises a combinationwith another therapeutic agent, for concurrent or sequential use, in anyorder.

Another embodiment of the invention relates to the combination of acompound of formula I of the invention and another therapeutic agent asa medicament for the treatment of diabetes.

The term “diabetes and related diseases” refers to Type II diabetes,Type I diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance, obesity, hyperglycemia,Syndrome X, dyslipidemia, dysmetabolic syndrome, diabetic complications,dysmetabolic syndrome, and hyperinsulinemia.

The conditions, diseases and maladies collectively referred to as“diabetic complications” include retinopathy, neuropathy andnephropathy, and other known complications of diabetes.

The term “other type(s) of therapeutic agents” as employed herein refersto one or more antidiabetic agents (other than DPP4 inhibitors of acrystalline saxagliptin form of the invention), including the DPP4inhibitors vildagliptin and sitagliptin, metformin and/or the SGLT-2inhibitor dapagliflozin disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,515,117, one ormore anti-obesity agents, and/or one or more lipid-modulating agents(including anti-atherosclerosis agents), and/or one or more infertilityagents, one or more agents for treating polycystic ovary syndrome, oneor more agents for treating growth disorders, one or more agents fortreating frailty, one or more agents for treating arthritis, one or moreagents for preventing allograft rejection in transplantation, one ormore agents for treating autoimmune diseases, one or more anti-AIDSagents, one or more anti-osteoporosis agents, one or more agents fortreating immunomodulatory diseases, one or more agents for treatingchronic inflammatory bowel disease or syndrome and/or one or more agentsfor treating anorexia nervosa, which are described in detail in U.S.Pat. No. 6,395,767.

The term “lipid-modulating” agent as employed herein refers to agentswhich lower LDL and/or raise HDL and/or lower triglycerides and/or lowertotal cholesterol and/or other known mechanisms for therapeuticallytreating lipid disorders.

The term “equiv.” or “equivalent(s)” refers to “moles”.

In the above methods of the invention, a crystalline saxagliptin form ofthe invention will be employed in a weight ratio to the antidiabeticagent or other type therapeutic agent (depending upon its mode ofoperation) within the range from about 0.01:1 to about 500:1, preferablyfrom about 0.1:1 to about 100:1, more preferably from about 0.2:1 toabout 10:1.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

The invention is illustrated by reference to the accompanying drawingsdescribed below.

FIG. 1 shows calculated (simulated at 22° C.) and observed (experimentalat room temperature) powder X-ray diffraction patterns of thecrystalline saxagliptin free base monohydrate (form H-1).

FIG. 2 shows a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) thermogram of thecrystalline saxagliptin free base monohydrate (form H-1).

FIG. 3 shows a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) curve of the crystallinesaxagliptin free base monohydrate (form H-1).

FIG. 4 shows an observed Raman spectrum at room temperature of thecrystalline saxagliptin free base monohydrate (form H-1).

FIG. 5 shows an observed IR spectrum at room temperature of thecrystalline saxagliptin free base monohydrate (form H-1).

FIG. 6 shows calculated (simulated at 22° C.) and observed (experimentalat room temperature) powder X-ray diffraction patterns of thecrystalline saxagliptin mono HCl salt containing 2 equiv. H₂O (formH2-1).

FIG. 7 shows a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) thermogram of thecrystalline saxagliptin mono HCl salt (2 equiv. H₂O) (form H2-1).

FIG. 8 shows a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) curve of the crystallinesaxagliptin mono HCl salt (2 equiv. H₂O) (form H2-1).

FIG. 9 shows an observed Raman spectrum at room temperature of thecrystalline saxagliptin HCl salt (2 equiv. H₂O) (form H2-1).

FIG. 10 shows an observed IR spectrum at room temperature of thecrystalline saxagliptin HCl salt (2 equiv. H₂O) (form H2-1).

FIG. 11 shows calculated (simulated at 22° C.) and observed(experimental at room temperature) powder X-ray diffraction patterns ofthe crystalline saxagliptin HCl salt containing 0.75 equiv. H₂O (formH0.75-3).

FIG. 12 shows a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) thermogram ofthe crystalline saxagliptin HCl salt (0.75 equiv. H₂O) (form H0.75-3).

FIG. 13 shows a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) curve of thecrystalline saxagliptin HCl salt (0.75 equiv. H₂O) (form H0.75-3).

FIG. 14 shows an observed Raman spectrum at room temperature of thecrystalline saxagliptin HCl salt (0.75 equiv. H₂O) (form H0.75-3).

FIG. 15 shows an observed IR spectrum at room temperature of thecrystalline saxagliptin HCl salt (0.75 equiv. H₂O) (form H0.75-3).

FIG. 16 shows calculated (simulated at room temperature) and observed(experimental at room temperature) powder X-ray diffraction patterns ofthe crystalline saxagliptin 1.33 HCl salt containing 1.67 equiv. H₂O(form H1.67-1).

FIG. 17 shows a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) thermogram ofthe crystalline saxagliptin 1.33 HCl salt (1.67 equiv. H₂O) (formH1.67-1).

FIG. 18 shows a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) curve of thecrystalline saxagliptin 1.33 HCl salt (1.67 equiv. H₂O) (form H.67-1).

FIG. 19 shows an observed Raman spectrum at room temperature of thecrystalline saxagliptin 1.33 HCl salt (1.67 equiv. H₂O) (form H1.67-1).

FIG. 20 shows an observed IR spectrum at room temperature of thecrystalline saxagliptin 1.33 HCl salt (1.67 equiv. H₂O) (form H1.67-1).

FIG. 21 shows calculated (simulated at 22° C.) and observed(experimental at room temperature) powder X-ray diffraction patterns ofthe crystalline saxagliptin nitrate salt (form N-1).

FIG. 22 shows calculated (simulated at 22° C.) and observed(experimental at room temperature) powder X-ray diffraction patterns ofthe crystalline saxagliptin benzoate salt (form H-1).

FIG. 23 shows a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) thermogram ofthe crystalline saxagliptin benzoate salt (form H-1).

FIG. 24 shows a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) curve of thecrystalline saxagliptin benzoate salt (form H-1).

FIG. 25 shows calculated (simulated at room temperature) and observed(experimental at room temperature) powder X-ray diffraction patterns ofthe crystalline saxagliptin free base (neat) (form N-3).

FIG. 26 shows a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) thermogram ofthe crystalline saxagliptin free base (neat) (form N-3).

FIG. 27 shows a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) curve of thecrystalline saxagliptin free base (neat) (form N-3).

FIG. 28 shows observed (experimental at room temperature) powder X-raydiffraction patterns of the crystalline saxagliptin HCl salt Pattern P-5(in slurry form).

FIG. 29 shows observed (experimental at room temperature) powder X-raydiffraction patterns of the crystalline saxagliptin HCl salt Pattern P-5in the coating layer of saxagliptin tablet (25 mg) (as a slurry sample).

FIG. 30 shows a Fourier-Transform Near Infrared (FT-NIR) spectra of thecrystalline saxagliptin HCl salt Pattern P-5 in the coating layer of asaxagliptin tablet (25 mg) and a 40 mg coated placebo tablet.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides, at least in part, crystalline structuresof compound I as a novel material.

The term “pharmaceutically acceptable”, as used herein, refers to thosecompounds, materials, compositions, and/or dosage forms which are,within the scope of sound medical judgment, suitable for contact withthe tissues of human beings and animals without excessive toxicity,irritation, allergic response, or other problem complicationscommensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio. In certain preferredembodiments, the crystalline structures of compound I (saxagliptin) ofthe invention is in substantially pure form. The term “substantiallypure”, as used herein, means a compound having a purity greater thanabout 90% including, for example, about 91%, about 92%, about 93%, about94%, about 95%, about 96%, about 97%, about 98%, about 99%, and about100%.

The ability of a compound to exist in different crystal structures isknown as polymorphism. As used herein “polymorph” refers to crystallineforms having the same chemical composition but different spatialarrangements of the molecules, atoms, and/or ions forming the crystal.While polymorphs have the same chemical composition, they differ inpacking and geometrical arrangement, and may exhibit different physicalproperties such as melting point, shape, color, density, hardness,deformability, stability, dissolution, and the like. Depending on theirtemperature-stability relationship, two polymorphs may be eithermonotropic or enantiotropic. For a monotropic system, the relativestability between the two solid phases remains unchanged as thetemperature is changed. In contrast, in an enantiotropic system thereexists a transition temperature at which the stability of the two phasesreverse. (Theory and Origin of Polymorphism in “Polymorphism inPharmaceutical Solids” (1999) ISBN:)-8247-0237).

Samples of the crystalline structures of the invention may be providedwith substantially pure phase homogeneity, indicating the presence of adominant amount of a single crystalline structure and optionally minoramounts of one or more other crystalline structures. The presence ofmore than one crystalline structure of the invention in a sample may bedetermined by techniques such as powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) orsolid state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (SSNMR). Forexample, the presence of extra peaks in the comparison of anexperimentally measured PXRD pattern (observed) with a simulated PXRDpattern (calculated) may indicate more than one crystalline structure inthe sample. The simulated PXRD may be calculated from single crystalX-ray data. (see Smith, D. K., “A FORTRAN Program for Calculating X-RayPowder Diffraction Patterns,” Lawrence Radiation Laboratory, Livermore,Calif., UCRL-7196, April 1963; see also Yin. S. et al., AmericanPharmaceutical Review, 6(2):80 (2003)). Preferably, the crystallinestructure has substantially pure phase homogeneity as indicated by lessthan 10%, preferably less than 5%, and more preferably less than 2% ofthe total peak area in the experimentally measured PXRD pattern arisingfrom the extra peaks that are absent from the simulated PXRD pattern.Most preferred is a crystalline structure of the invention havingsubstantially pure phase homogeneity with less than 1% of the total peakarea in the experimentally measured PXRD pattern arising from the extrapeaks that are absent from the simulated PXRD pattern.

The various crystalline structures of the invention described herein maybe distinguishable from one another through the use of variousanalytical techniques known to one of ordinary skill in the art. Suchtechniques include, but are not limited to, solid state nuclear magneticresonance (SSNMR) spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction (PXRD),differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis(TGA), infrared spectra (IR), and/or Raman spectra.

Preparation of Crystal Structures

The crystalline structures of the invention may be prepared by a varietyof methods as described herein, including for example, crystallizationor recrystallization from a suitable solvent, sublimation, growth from amelt, solid state transformation from another phase, crystallizationfrom a supercritical fluid, and jet spraying. Techniques forcrystallization or recrystallization of crystalline structures from asolvent mixture include, for example, evaporation of the solvent,decreasing the temperature of the solvent mixture, crystal seeding asupersaturated solvent mixture of the molecule and/or salt, freezedrying the solvent mixture, and addition of antisolvents (countersolvents) to the solvent mixture. High throughput crystallizationtechniques may be employed to prepare crystalline structures, includingpolymorphs.

Crystals of drugs, including polymorphs, methods of preparation, andcharacterization of drug crystals are discussed in Bryn, S. R. et al.,Solid-State Chemistry of Drugs, 2^(nd) Edition, SSCI, West Lafayette,Ind., publ. (1999).

Seed crystals may be added to any crystallization mixture to promotecrystallization. As will be clear to the skilled artisan, seeding isused as a means of controlling growth of a particular crystallinestructure or as a means of controlling the particle size distribution ofthe crystalline product. Accordingly, calculation of the amount of seedsneeded depends on the size of the seed available and the desired size ofan average product particle as described, for example, in Mullin, J. W.et al., “Programmed cooling of batch crystallizers,” ChemicalEngineering Science, 26:369-377 (1971). In general, seeds of small sizeare needed to effectively control the growth of crystals in the batch.Seeds of small size may be generated by sieving, milling, or micronizingof larger crystals, or by micro-crystallization of solutions. Careshould be taken that milling or micronizing of crystals does not resultin any change in crystallinity from the desired crystal structure (i.e.,change to amorphous or to another polymorph).

As used herein, the term “room temperature” or “RT” denotes an ambienttemperature from 20 to 25° C. (68-77° F.).

Pharmaceutical Compositions and Dosages

The crystalline saxagliptin forms of the invention can be administeredfor any of the uses herein in the various pharmaceutical compositionsand dosage forms and dosages as described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,395,767which is incorporated herein by reference. Thus, the crystallinesaxagliptin forms of the invention can be administered for any of theuses described herein by any suitable means, for example, orally, suchas in the form of tablets, capsules, granules or powders; sublingually;bucally; parenterally, such as by subcutaneous, intravenous,intramuscular, or intrasternal injection or infusion techniques (e.g.,as sterile injectable aqueous or non-aqueous solutions or suspensions);nasally, including administration to the nasal membranes, such as byinhalation spray; topically, such as in the form of a cream or ointment;or rectally such as in the form of suppositories; in dosage unitformulations containing non-toxic, pharmaceutically acceptable vehiclesor diluents.

A preferred dosage form is the saxagliptin coated tablet disclosed inU.S. application Ser. No. 11/137,068 filed May 25, 2005 which isincorporated herein by reference.

In carrying out a preferred method of the invention for treating any ofthe diseases disclosed herein, such as diabetes and related diseases, apharmaceutical composition will be employed containing one or more ofthe compound of formula I, with or without other antidiabetic agent(s)and/or antihyperlipidemic agent(s) and/or other type therapeutic agentsin association with a pharmaceutical vehicle or diluent. Thepharmaceutical composition can be formulated employing conventionalsolid or liquid vehicles or diluents and pharmaceutical additives of atype appropriate to the mode of desired administration, such aspharmaceutically acceptable carriers, excipients, binders and the like.The compound can be administered to mammalian species including humans,monkeys, dogs, etc. by an oral route, for example, in the form oftablets, capsules, beads, granules or powders, or they can beadministered by a parenteral route in the form of injectablepreparations, or they can be administered intranasally or in transdermalpatches. Typical solid formulations will contain from about 0.1 mg toabout 500 mg of the crystalline form of the invention.

The dose for adults is between 1 and 2,000 mg per day, which can beadministered in a single dose or in the form of individual doses from1-4 times per day. It is preferred that the crystalline dosage form ofthe invention be administered in a dosage within the range from 2.5 mgto 10 mg per day, which can be administered in a single dose or in theform of individual doses from 1 to 4 times per day.

A typical injectable preparation may be produced by aseptically placing250 mg of compound of formula I into a vial, aseptically freeze-dryingand sealing. For use, the contents of the vial are mixed with 2 mL ofphysiological saline, to produce an injectable preparation.

It will be understood that the specific dose level and frequency ofdosage for any particular subject can be varied and will depend upon avariety of factors including the activity of the specific compoundemployed, the metabolic stability and length of action of that compound,the species, age, body weight, general health, sex and diet of thesubject, the mode and time of administration, rate of excretion, drugcombination, and severity of the particular condition.

DPP-4 inhibitory activity of the compounds of the present invention maybe determined by use of an in vitro assay system which measures thedegree in inhibition of DPP-4-mediated cleavage of an appropriatesubstrate or pseudo-substrate. Inhibition constants (Ki values) for theDPP-4 inhibitors of the invention may be determined by the methoddescribed in the experimental section below.

Assays Cloning, Expression and Purification of Human DPP-4

To generate human DPP-4, PCR (Red-tag polymerase, Sigma) was performedon Human cDNA from placenta (Clontech) using two primers,ACGCCGACGATGAAGACA and AGGTAAAGAGAAACATTGTT, based on the nucleotidesequence of the human clone (accession number M74777). PCR products werecloned into the pcDN4/HisMax TOPO vector (Invitrogene). For stabletransfection of CHO-DG44 cells, DPP4 was rePCRed using primersGGTACCAGCGCAGAGGCTT and CTCGAGCTAAGGTAAAGAGAAACATTG to generate KpnI andXhoI sites. The KpnI and XhoI sites were used to extract the N-terminalHis tagged gene. The His tag, which could be cleaved and removed byEnterokinase, was included to allow purification using the TALONaffinity column. The gene was then ligated into the KpnI and XhoI sitesof the pD16 vector for stable transfection. Stable cell lines weregenerated by transfecting the expression vector into Chinese hamsterovary (CHO-DG44) cells using electroporation. The CHO-DG44 cell line wasgrown in PFCHO media supplemented with HT (glycine, hypoxanthine andthymidine, Invitrogene), glutamine and Recombulin (ICN). Then 1×10⁷cells/ml were collected, transfected with 60 μg of DNA usingelectroporation at 300V, and then transferred to a T75 flask. On thethird day following transfection, the HT supplement was removed andselection was initiated with methotrexate (MTX, 10 nM, ICN). After afurther 10 days the cells were plated into individual wells of 96 wellplates. Every 10 days the concentration of MTX was increased two tothree fold, up to a maximum of 400 nM. Final stable cell line selectionwas based on yield and activity of the expressed protein.

An attempt to purify recombinant DPP-4 using Talon resin was notefficient, resulting in small yields, with most of the DPP activitypassing through the column. Therefore, protein was further purifiedusing conventional anion exchange (Sepharose Q), gel filtration (S-200)and high resolution MonoQ columns. The final protein yielded a singleband on SDS-PAGE gels. Amino acid sequence analysis indicated twopopulations of DPP-4 in the sample. One portion of the protein had 27amino acids truncated from the N-terminus, while the other was lackingthe N-terminal 37 amino acids. This suggests that during isolation theentire transmembrane domain (including His tag) is removed by proteasespresent in the CHO cells. Total protein concentration was measured usingthe Bradford dye method and the amount of the active DPP-4 wasdetermined by titrating the enzyme with a previously characterizedinhibitor (Ki=0.4 nM). No biphasic behavior was observed duringinhibition or catalysis, suggesting that both protein populations arefunctionally identical.

DPP-4 Inhibition Assays for Saxagliptin and Salts Thereof

Inhibition of human DPP-4 activity was measured under steady-stateconditions by following the absorbance increase at 405 nm upon thecleavage of the pseudosubstrate, Gly-Pro-pNA. Assays were performed in96-well plates using a Thermomax plate reader. Typically reactionscontained 100 μl of ATE buffer (100 mM Aces, 52 mM Tris, 52 mMethanolamine, pH 7.4), 0.45 nM enzyme, either 120 or 1000 μM ofsubstrate (S<Km and S>Km, Km=180 μM) and variable concentration of theinhibitor. To ensure steady-state conditions for slow-bindinginhibitors, enzyme was preincubated with the compound for 40 minutesprior to substrate addition, to initiate the reaction. All serialinhibitor dilutions were in DMSO and final solvent concentration did notexceed 1%.

Inhibitor potency was evaluated by fitting inhibition data to thebinding isotherm:

$\begin{matrix}{\frac{vi}{v} = {\frac{Range}{1 + \left( \frac{I}{{IC}_{50}} \right)^{n}} + {Background}}} & (1)\end{matrix}$

where vi is the initial reaction velocity at different concentrations ofinhibitor I; v is the control velocity in the absence of inhibitor,range is the difference between the uninhibited velocity and background;background is the rate of spontaneous substrate hydrolysis in the absentof enzyme, n is the Hill coefficient.

Calculated IC₅₀s at each substrate concentration were converted to Kiassuming competitive inhibition according to:

$\begin{matrix}{{Ki} = \frac{{IC}_{50}}{\left( {1 + \frac{S}{Km}} \right)}} & (2)\end{matrix}$

All inhibitors were competitive as judged by a very good agreement of Kivalues obtained from the assays at high and low substrateconcentrations. In cases where IC₅₀ at the low substrate concentrationwas close to the enzyme concentration used in the assay, the data werefit to the Morrison equation¹, to account for the depletion of the freeinhibitor:

$\begin{matrix}{\frac{vi}{v\; 0} = {1 - \frac{\left( {E + I + {IC}_{50}} \right) - \sqrt{\left( {E + I + {IC}_{50}} \right)^{2} - {4{EI}}}}{2E}}} & (3)\end{matrix}$

where vi and v0 are the steady state velocities measured in the presenceand absence of inhibitor, E enzyme concentration. ¹ Morrison, J. F. etal., Advances in Enzymology, 61:201-206 (1988).

Each IC₅₀ was further refined to Ki, to account for the substrateconcentration in the assay using equation (2).

EXAMPLES

The following examples are provided to describe the invention in furtherdetail. These examples, which set forth the best mode presentlycontemplated for carrying out the invention, are intended to illustrateand not to limit the invention.

The preparation of compounds of formula I is generally described in U.S.Pat. No. 6,395,767, Example 60 and in U.S. Publication US2005/0090539 A1published Apr. 28, 2005, Schemes VII and VIIB and Examples 41 and 42.U.S. Pat. No. 6,395,767 and U.S. Publication US2005/0090539 A1 areincorporated by reference herein in their entirety.

Example 1 Preparation of Free Base Monohydrate Form of Saxagliptin FormH-1

18 g of Boc-protected saxagliptin IA was charged into a three-neck flaskequipped with mechanical stirrer, thermocouple, and N₂ gas inlet. Ethylacetate (180 ml) was added to dissolve the Boc-protected saxagliptin.14.8 ml of 37% hydrochloric acid was added and the mixture agitated at23° C. for 4 hours at which time the reaction was completed. 180 mlethyl acetate was added and the reaction flask was cooled to 16° C.

Anhydrous potassium carbonate (60 g) was added to the cooled reactionflask and the resulting mixture was agitated at room temperature for 2hours. The resulting solid was filtered, the cake washed with 100 mlethyl acetate, and the filtrate was collected and concentrated to ˜61 g.1 ml water was added dropwise to the filtrate and the mixture wasagitated until crystals started to form. Another 1 ml water was addeddropwise to the filtrate and the mixture agitated at room temperaturefor 16 hours. The mixture was filtered and dried to yield 10.5 g of freebase monohydrate of saxagliptin (form H-1), yield 77% (purity 99.2 AP).

Example 2 Preparation of Free Base Monohydrate Form of Saxagliptin FormH-1

300 g (0.723 mol) of Boc-protected saxagliptin IA (potency 90.6%) wascharged into a three-neck 12 L flask equipped with mechanical stirrer,probe, and N₂ gas inlet. Methylene chloride (3 L) and methanol (288 ml,7.23 mol), and 36% HCl (288 ml, 3.5 mol, 4.8 eq) were added. The mixturewas stirred for 18 hours and the reaction was completed (theBoc-protected saxagliptin in CH₂Cl₂ was <1 mg/ml). The mixture formedtwo phases; the top aqueous layer was collected (the bottom methylenechloride layer was discarded). Methylene chloride (6 L) and water (720ml) were added to the recovered aqueous phase. NaOH (5N) (˜600 ml) wasadded dropwise to the recovered aqueous phase to adjust pH to 9.0˜10.5.Solid NaCl (120 g) was added and the mixture was agitated for 20minutes. A phase split occurred and the bottom methylene chloride layerwas collected (the top aqueous layer was discarded). The methylenechloride layer was washed with 1% ammonium chloride brine solution (450ml). A phase split occurred and the bottom methylene chloride layer wascollected (the top aqueous layer (pH=7.8) was discarded). Ethyl acetate˜4 L) was added while methylene chloride was distilled off at 25° C./50mm Hg. The distillation was stopped when the final volume reached 2.5 L.The remaining liquid was polish filtered to remove solid NaCl.Concentration was continued to ˜1 Kg (˜170 g) of free base ofsaxagliptin monohydrate in 1 L ethyl acetate). Water was added dropwise(17 ml) and the mixture held for ˜10 minutes when crystallizationstarted. Another 17 ml of water was added and the resulting slurry wasagitated for 30 minutes. The slurry was filtered and the recovered cakewashed with ethyl acetate (150 ml). The washed cake was dried at roomtemperature under vacuum to give 186 g of saxagliptin free basemonohydrate (form H-1) yield 81%.

Example 3 Preparation of Free Base Monohydrate Form of Saxagliptin FormH-1

A mixture of 1 g Boc-protected saxagliptin (IA), 1 ml isopropanol, 1 mlwater and 0.28 ml of concentrated HCl was heated to 65° C. and held at65° C. for 90 minutes. To the heated mixture was added 2 ml water andthe mixture was cooled to 25° C. 12 ml methylene chloride was added andthe pH of the mixture was adjusted to ˜9 using 0.2 ml 10N sodiumhydroxide and 0.4 ml 25% potassium carbonate. 1.25 g sodium chloride wasdissolved in the pH adjusted solution. The solution separated into twolayers and the rich organic phase was collected.

The rich organic phase was atmospherically concentrated to 3 ml toremove residual water. The concentrated organic was cooled to 25° C., 2ml ethyl acetate was added and the solution was polish filtered toremove residual sodium chloride. 0.05 ml water was added to the solutionwhich was held for 30 minutes to form a slurry of crystals of product.0.21 ml water was added to the crystal containing slurry which wassubjected to constant volume distillation at less than 30° C. by adding2 ml ethyl acetate at approximately the rate of distillation. 0.08 mlwater was added and the mixture cooled to ˜5° C. and held for 30minutes. The resulting slurry was filtered and the cake washed with amixture of 2 ml ethyl acetate and 0.04 ml water. The mixture was driedat 40° C. (maintaining the dew point about −8° C.) and the crystals ofsaxagliptin free base monohydrate recovered.

Example 4 Preparation of Crystalline Saxagliptin in the Form of Its FreeBase Form N-3

The monohydrate of the saxagliptin free base (form H-1) was dissolved in9 ml methylene chloride and 1 ml isopropyl alcohol (IPA) per gram ofsaxagliptin monohydrate (form H-1). The resulting solution wasevaporated to dryness to form an oil. The oil was dissolved in 10 mlethyl acetate per gram of saxagliptin monohydrate (form H-1). Theresulting solution was evaporated to 3 ml solution per gram ofsaxagliptin monohydrate (form H-1). The resulting solution was dilutedwith 10 ml ethyl acetate per gram of saxagliptin monohydrate (form H-1)and then evaporated to 3 ml solution per gram of saxagliptin monohydrate(form H-1) to form a slurry of the free base of saxagliptin (form N-3).If an N-3 slurry did not form, the steps of diluting with ethyl acetateand evaporating were repeated until a slurry formed. The resultingslurry is filtered and dried at 40° C. under a nitrogen sweep to formcrystals of the free base of saxagliptin (form N-3). The so-formedcrystals were stored under dry nitrogen.

Example 5 Preparation of Crystalline Mono Hydrochloride Salt ofSaxagliptin Dihydrate Form H2-1 A.

The Part A compound was prepared as described in Publication No.US2005/0090539 A1 published Apr. 28, 2005 as follows: (4.19 g, 10.1mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous CH₂Cl₂ (25 mL) and cooled to 0° C. andtreated with trifluoroacetic acid (15 mL) and stirred for 2.5 h atambient temperature. The solvents were removed by rotary evaporation andthe residue was chased with toluene (5 mL) and dried under reducedpressure. Tituration with Et₂O afforded the title compound as a whitesolid (3.92 g, 90%).

B. Preparation of Crystalline MonoHydrochloride Salt of SaxagliptinDihydrate (Form H2-1)

50 Mg of the trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) salt (potency: 92%) ofsaxagliptin was dissolved in 0.2 mL water. The pH of the resultingaqueous solution was adjusted to approximately 9.4 with 1N NaOH. Aqueousand organic layers were formed. The aqueous layer was extracted with2×0.5 mL methylene chloride. The combined rich methylene chloridesolution was washed with 1 mL water.

0.116 mL (1 equiv.) of a solution of 1N HCl was added to the richmethylene chloride solution. A clear solution formed which wasevaporated to dryness leaving a solid.

0.2 mL of ethanol was mixed with the solid to dissolve the solid. Theresulting ethanol solution was heated to 45° C. and 0.3 mL oft-butylmethyl ether was added. The solution turned into a slurry.

The slurry was cooled from 45° C. to 20° C. over one hour. The cooledslurry was filtered and the resulting filter cake was dried at roomtemperature under vacuum to obtain monohydrochloride salt of saxagliptindihydrate (form H2-1).

Example 6 Preparation of Crystalline Tartrate Salt of SaxagliptinContaining 1 Equivalent of H₂O Form H.5-1

200 Mg of the trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) salt of saxagliptin wasdissolved in 4 ml D.I. water. The pH of the resulting aqueous solutionwas adjusted to approximately 9.4 with 1N NaOH. Aqueous and organiclayers formed. The rich aqueous layer was extracted with 3×2 mLmethylene chloride. The combined rich methylene chloride solution waswashed with 4 ml D.I. water.

2.6 mL ethanol was added to the rich methylene chloride solution and thesolution was heated to 35° C. Seeds of the tartrate salt of saxagliptin(0.5 equiv. H₂O) (form H.5-1) were added to the heated solution.

1 g L-tartrate was dissolved in ethanol. 326.4 μL of the tartratesolution was added to the product rich solution in 8 portions. A slurryformed. The slurry was cooled from 35° C. to 20° C. over 30 minutes andstirred overnight. The slurry was then filtered and the resulting wetcake dried at 30° C. under vacuum. Crystals of tartrate salt ofsaxagliptin containing 1 equivalent H₂O (96 mg, yield 39.3 M %) wererecovered.

Example 7 Preparation of Crystalline Benzoate Salt of Saxagliptin FormH-1

600 Mg of the trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) salt of saxagliptin (potency:92%) was dissolved in 3 mL D.I. water. The pH of the resulting aqueoussolution was adjusted to approximately 9.1 with 1N NaOH. Aqueous andorganic layers were formed. The aqueous layer was extracted with 6×6 mLmethylene chloride. The combined rich methylene chloride solution waswashed with 3 mL D.I. water and the rich methylene chloride solution wasdried (Rotavap). The resulting solid was dissolved in 6 mL 190 proofethanol.

At room temperature, 0.648 mL (1 equiv.) of a solution of benzoic acidin ethanol (conc.=1 g/3 mL) was added to the rich ethanol solution inportions to crystallize and form a slurry of resulting crystallinematerial.

The resulting slurry was stirred for at least 1 hour, and the slurry wasthen filtered and the resulting wet cake washed with 3 mL of 190 proofethanol. The washed wet cake was dried at 30° C. under vacuum overnightto obtain 449.7 mg (yield: 76.8 M %) of saxagliptin benzoate-monohydrate(form H-1).

Example 8 Preparation of Crystalline Salts of HCl, HBr, HI, NH₄SO₄, TFA,hemiTFA, NO₃, Benzoate, 1:1 H-Tartrate and (2:1) Fumarate

The crystalline TFA salt of saxagliptin was converted to crystallinesalts of the title salts through simple ionic metathesis in water asshown by the following equation:

saxagliptin H^(⊕)TFA⁻+R^(⊕)X⁻→saxagliptin H^(⊕)X⁻+R^(⊕)TFA⁻

In general, the title salts were prepared by dissolving 10 mg ofsaxagliptin TFA salt in a minimum amount of warm water. About two-foldexcess amount requisite salt for metathesis as listed below was added.Crystals of the new salt of saxagliptin form upon standing. Metathesisfailed in some cases (for example, with Na₃ (citrate) or +Na₂(succinate) or +K₂HPO₄ or +NaF) where novel forms of the TFA saltcrystallized instead.

The counterions are:

Saxagliptin Salt Form Form Source/solvents (1:1) TFA N-1 Na₂ tartrate(1:1) TFA H2-2 KH₂PO₄ HCl H2-1 NaCl HBr H2-1 KBr HI H2-1 KI NH₄SO₄ H3-1(NH₄)₂SO₄ HemiTFA H.5-1 Na₃ (citrate) or + Na₂ (succinate) or + K₂HPO₄or + NaF NO₃ N-1 KNO₃ Benzoate H-1 Na benzoate (1:1) H-tartrate H.5-1NaH tartrate (2:1) fumarate H4-1 Na₂ (fumarate)

Example 9 Preparation of Crystalline 1.33 Hydrochloride Salt ofSaxagliptin 1.67 Hydrate Form H1.67-1

1 equivalent of BOC protected compound and 2 to 16 ml ethyl acetate pergm of the BOC protected compound were mixed with 4 equivalents ofconcentrated hydrochloric acid (˜37%).

The above mixture was stirred at 20 to 25° C. for about 3 hours duringwhich time the BOC protected compound was converted to crystals ofhydrated saxagliptin (form H1.67-1).

The so-formed crystals of hydrated saxagliptin were filtered off andwashed with ethyl acetate and recovered.

Example 10 Preparation of Crystalline Dihydrochloride Salt ofSaxagliptin Dihydrate Form H2-1

Saxagliptin monohydrate (form H-1) 80 mg was dissolved in 4M HCl indioxane (0.2 mL) and a few drops of ethanol.

Crystals of the dihydrochloride salt together with some crystals of themonohydrochloride dihydrate formed upon standing at room temperature.

Example 11 Preparation of Crystalline Hydrochloride Salt of Saxagliptin(Form 0.75-3) Containing 0.75 Equiv. H₂O

A single crystal of saxagliptin HCl dihydrate (form H2-1) is heated at50° C. for 2 hours. A single crystal of saxagliptin hydrochloride salt(form 0.75-3) containing 0.75 equiv. H₂O form are recovered.

Example 12 Preparation of Crystalline Hydrobromide Salt of Saxagliptin(Form H2-1) Containing 1 Equiv. H₂O

Saxagliptin dihydrate hydrobromide salt (Form H2-1) is heated at 50° C.for 2 hours. Crystals of saxagliptin hydrobromide salt (form H-1)containing 1 equiv. H₂O form are recovered.

Example 13 Preparation of Crystalline Hydrochloride Salt of SaxagliptinPattern P-5

100 mg Saxagliptin mono HCl salt form H2-1 (dihydrate) (preparedemploying a procedure similar to that described in Example 5) were addedto 2 ml of dry ethanol (dried over molecular sieves). The resultingmixture was heated at 45° C. until all form H2-1 compound was dissolved,at which time heating was discontinued. Crystallization was initiatedwhen the temperature was cooled to 25° C.±2° C. (close to roomtemperature). Crystals of saxagliptin HCl salt Pattern P-5 wererecovered, which crystals were maintained as a slurry in a sealedcontainer at 25° C.±2° C. Crystals stored at ambient conditionsunderwent significant conversion and were likely the form (close to roomtemperature) of H2-1.

Crystal Structure Characterization

Crystal structures equivalent to the crystal structures described belowand claimed herein may demonstrate similar, yet non-identical,analytical characteristics within a reasonable range of error, dependingon test conditions, purity, equipment and other common variables knownto those skilled in the art.

Accordingly, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art thatvarious modifications and variations can be made in the presentinvention without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention.Other embodiments of the invention will be apparent to those skilled inthe art from consideration of the specification and practice of theinvention disclosed herein. Applicants intend that the specification andexamples be considered as exemplary, but not limiting in scope.

X-Ray Powder Diffraction

One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that a powder X-raydiffraction pattern may be obtained with a measurement error that isdependent upon the measurement conditions employed. In particular, it isgenerally known that intensities in an X-ray powder diffraction patternmay fluctuate depending upon measurement conditions employed. It shouldbe further understood that relative intensities may also vary dependingupon experimental conditions and, accordingly, the exact order ofintensity should not be taken into account. Additionally, a measurementerror of diffraction angle for a conventional powder X-ray powderdiffraction pattern is typically about 5% or less, and such degree ofmeasurement error should be taken into account as pertaining to theaforementioned diffraction angles. Consequently, it is to be understoodthat the crystal structures of the instant invention are not limited tothe crystal structures that provide X-ray diffraction patternscompletely identical to the X-ray powder diffraction patterns depictedin the accompanying Figures disclosed herein. Any crystal structuresthat provide powder X-ray diffraction patterns substantially identicalto those disclosed in the accompanying Figures fall within the scope ofthe present invention. The ability to ascertain substantial identitiesof X-ray powder diffraction patterns is within the purview of one ofordinary skill in the art.

Saxagliptin Free Base Monohydrate (1 equiv. H₂O) (Form H-1), SaxagliptinMono HCl Salt 2H₂O (Form H2-1), Saxagliptin HCl Salt (0.75 equiv. H₂O)(Form H0.75-3), Saxagliptin 1.33HCl Salt (1.67 equiv. H₂O) (FormH1.67-1), Saxagliptin DiHCl Salt (2 equiv. H₂O) (Form H2-1), SaxagliptinNitrate Salt (Form N-1), Saxagliptin Benzoate Salt (1 equiv. H₂O) (FormH-1), Saxagliptin Free Base (Form N-3), and Saxagliptin MonoHydrochloride Salt (Pattern P-5)

About 200 mg of test sample were packed into a Philips powder X-raydiffraction (PXRD) sample holder. The sample was transferred to aPhilips MPD unit (45 KV, 40 mA, Cu Ku₁₁). Data were collected at roomtemperature in the 2 to 32 2-theta rage (continuous scanning mode,scanning rate 0.03 degrees/sec., auto divergence and anti scatter slits,receiving slit: 0.2 mm, sample spinner: ON).

Powder X-ray diffraction patterns for the saxagliptin free basemonohydrate (form H-1), saxagliptin mono HCl salt (form H2-1),saxagliptin HCl salt (form H0.75-3), saxagliptin HCl salt (formH1.67-1), salt saxagliptin nitrate salt (form N-1), saxagliptin benzoatesalt (form H-1), saxagliptin free base (form N-3) and saxagliptin HClsalt (Pattern P-5) structures are illustrated in FIGS. 1, 6, 11, 16, 21,22 and 25, and 28 and 29, respectively. Selected diffraction peakpositions (degrees 2θ±0.2) for the saxagliptin structures (other thanforms N-3 and P-5) set out in the above subtitle are shown in Table Abelow. Characteristic diffraction peak positions (degrees 2θ±0.1) at RT,are based on a high quality pattern collected with a diffractometer(CuKα) with a spinning capillary with 2θ calibrated with a NationalInstitute of Standards and Technology (NIST) methodology, and othersuitable standard known to those skilled in the art. The relativeintensities, however, may change depending on the crystal size andmorphology.

TABLE A Selected characteristic diffraction peak positions (degrees 2θ ±0.1) at RT, based on a high quality pattern collected with adiffractometer (CuKα) with a spinning capillary with 2θ calibrated witha NIST other suitable standard. N-3 H-1 H2-1 1.33 HCl DiHCl N-1 H-1 freebase free benzoate H.75-3 mono salt (Form salt nitrate monohydrate basesalt HCl salt HCl salt H1.67-1) (Form H2-1) salt 12.4 5.2 6.6 5.0 6.85.4 7.2 5.5 13.3 7.9 8.3 7.0 11.1 7.0 8.6 7.0 13.6 10.8 15.3 8.1 13.713.8 11.6 11.1 14.7 11.5 16.1 11.4 14.6 14.2 14.3 14.4 16.2 13.0 16.913.4 15.2 14.6 15.7 15.1 18.2 14.6 17.5 14.0 16.4 16.1 19.5 15.7 19.915.6 17.8 14.5 17.0 16.6 22.5 16.4 20.9 15.9 18.6 18.6 20.2 18.6 16.821.9 16.5 21.3 19.4 21.1 19.0 19.6 22.4 20.0 20.3

Characteristic diffraction peak positions (degrees 2θ±0.1)@ RT (FIG. 28)based on a high quality pattern collected with a diffractometer (CuKα)with a spinning capillary with 2θ calibrated with a NIST other suitablestandard, of saxagliptin HCl salt Pattern P-5 are set out below in TableA′.

TABLE A′ HCl Salt P-5 Material 6.2 10.7 14.5 15.0 15.6 16.2 18.1 18.721.1

Hybrid PXRD Patterns

“Hybrid” simulated powder X-ray patterns shown in FIGS. 1, 6, 11, 16,21, 22 and 25 were generated as described in the literature (Yin. S. etal., American Pharmaceutical Review, 6(2):80 (2003)). The roomtemperature cell parameters were obtained by performing a cellrefinement using the CellRefine.xls program. Input to the programincludes the 2-theta position of ca. 10 reflections, obtained from theexperimental room temperature powder pattern; the corresponding Millerindices, hkl, were assigned based on the single-crystal data collectedat low temperature. A new (hybrid) PXRD was calculated (by either of thesoftware programs, Alex or LatticeView) by inserting the molecularstructure determined at low temperature into the room temperature cellobtained in the first step of the procedure. The molecules are insertedin a manner that retains the size and shape of the molecule and theposition of the molecules with respect to the cell origin, but, allowsintermolecular distances to expand with the cell.

PXRD (GADDS-NB)

X-ray powder diffraction (PXRD) data for the saxagliptin free base(neat) form N-3 were obtained using a Bruker C2 GADDS. The radiation wasCu Kα (40 KV, 50 mA). The sample-detector distance was 15 cm. Powdersamples were placed in sealed glass capillaries of 1 mm or less indiameter; the capillary was rotated during data collection. Data werecollected for 3≦2θ≦35° with a sample exposure time of at least 2000seconds. The resulting two-dimensional diffraction arcs were integratedto create a traditional 1-dimensional PXRD pattern with a step size of0.02 degrees 2θ in the range of 3 to 35 degrees 2θ.

Powder X-ray diffraction patterns (observed and simulated) for free baseform N-3 are shown in FIG. 25.

Thermal Gravimetric Analysis

Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) experiments were performed in a TAInstruments™ model Q500. The sample (about 10-30 mg) was placed in aplatinum pan previously tared. The weight of the sample was measuredaccurately and recorded to a thousand of a milligram by the instrument.The furnace was purged with nitrogen gas at 100 mL/min. Data werecollected between room temperature and 200° C. for the HCl salt H2-1between room temperature and 300° C. for the free base monohydrate H-1and the benzoate salt H-1, and between room temperature and 350° C. forthe HCl salt H0.75-3, at 10° C./min heating rate.

TGA curves for the free base monohydrate (form H-1), HCl salt (formH2-1), HCl salt (form H0.75-3), 1.33HCl salt (form H1.67-1), benzoatesalt (form H-1), and free base (form N-3) structures are shown in FIGS.3, 8, 13, 18, 24 and 27, respectively. Weight loss corresponds to onemole of water and one mole of propylene glycol per mole of structureanalyzed.

As seen in FIG. 3, the free base monohydrate (form H-1) had a TGA weightloss of about 5.4% up to about 120° C.

It was also observed that the free base monohydrate (form H-1) had a0.1% weight gain in the range 25-75% RH at 25° C. and thus isnon-hygroscopic.

As seen in FIG. 8, the HCl salt (form H2-1) had a TGA weight loss ofabout 5.6% up to about 85° C.

As seen in FIG. 13, the HCl salt (form H0.75-3) had a TGA weight loss ofabout 4% up to about 120° C.

As seen in FIG. 18, the 1.33 HCl salt (form H1.67-1) had a weight lossof 10.85% up to about 150° C.

As seen in FIG. 24 the benzoate salt (form H-1) had a TGA weight loss ofabout 3.94% up to about 120° C.

As seen in FIG. 27, the free base (neat) (form N-3) had a TGA weightloss of about 0.001 up to about 125° C.

Differential Scanning Calorimetry

The solid state thermal behavior of the free base monohydrate (formH-1), HCl salt (form H2-1), HCl salt (form H0.75-3), 1.33 HCl salt (formH1.67-1), benzoate salt (form H-1), and free base (form N-3) structureswere investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The DSCcurves for the above structures are shown in FIGS. 2, 7, 12, 17 23 and26, respectively.

Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) experiments were performed in aTA Instruments™ model Q1000. The sample (about 2-6 mg) was weighed in analuminum pan and recorded accurately recorded to a hundredth of amilligram, and transferred to the DSC. The instrument was purged withnitrogen gas at 50 mL/min. Data were collected between room temperatureand 300° C. for HCl salt H2-1, free base monohydrate H-1 and benzoatesalt H-1 and between room temperature and 350° C. for the HCl saltH0.75-3, at 10° C./min heating rate. The plot was made with theendothermic peaks pointing down.

As seen in FIG. 2, the free base monohydrate (form H-1) had a DSCendotherm in the range from about room temperature to about 120° C.

As seen in FIG. 7, the HCl salt (form H2-1) had a DSC endotherm in therange from about room temperature to about 85° C.

As seen in FIG. 12, the HCl salt (form H0.75-3) had a DSC endotherm inthe range from about room temperature to about 150° C.

As seen in FIG. 17, the 1.33 HCl salt (form H1.67-1) had a DSC endothermin the range from about room temperature to about 150° C.

As seen in FIG. 23, the benzoate salt (form H-1) had a DSC endotherm inthe range from about room temperature to about 300° C.

As seen in FIG. 26, the free base (neat) (form N-3) had a DSC endothermin the range from about 135 to about 140° C.

One of skill in the art will however, note that in DSC measurement thereis a certain degree of variability in actual measured onset and peaktemperatures, depending on rate of heating, crystal shape and purity,and other measurement parameters.

Raman Spectroscopy

Raman spectra for the free base monohydrate (form H-1), HCl salt (formH2-1) and HCl salt (form H0.75-3) were acquired at a resolution of 8cm⁻¹ with 128 scans co-added, using a Nicolet 950 FT-Ramanspectrophotometer. The wavelength of the laser excitation was 1064 nm. ACaF₂ beam splitter and a high sensitivity InGaS detector were used.

Raman spectra for the free base monohydrate (form H-1), HCl salt (formH2-1), HCl salt (form H0.75-3) and 1.33 HCl salt (form H1.67-1) areshown in FIGS. 4, 9, 14 and 19, respectively.

IR Spectroscopy

Infrared spectra for the free base monohydrate (form H-1), HCl salt(form H2-1) and HCl salt (form H0.75-3) were acquired at a resolution of4 cm⁻¹ with 32 scans co-added, using a Nicolet 560 FT-IRSpectrophotometer, incorporating a KBr beam-splitter and DTGS detector.Sample preparation was via the attenuated total reflectance method (ATR)using a single-bounce diamond ATR sampling accessory (DurasamplIR) fromSensIR. An ATR correction step was included to correct the pathlength.

IR spectra for the free base monohydrate (form H-1), HCl salt (formH2-1), HCl salt (form H0.75-3), and 1.33 HCl salt (form H1.67-1) areshown in FIGS. 5, 10, 15 and 20, respectively.

Fourier-Transform Near Infrared (FT-NIR)

Data for saxagliptin HCl salt Pattern P-5 (shown in FIG. 30) wereacquired at room temperature in reflectance mode on a Thermo NicoletAntaris Fourier-Transform near infrared spectrometer equipped with anintegrating sphere. Sixty-four scans were collected at a resolution wasof 8 cm⁻¹ with a gain of 1 and no attenuation of the source and anaperture setting of 100. The interferogram was collected with a 20 bitdigitizer and a mirror velocity of 1.2659. Mertz phase correction wasapplied with Norton-Beer medium apodization. The mirror position wasreferenced to a helium-neon laser. No zero filling was utilized. Datawere collected from 4000 cm⁻¹ to 10000 cm⁻¹ on an InGaAs detector with aCaF₂ beamsplitter. Total collection time was ca. 34 seconds. Thebackground was collected using a gold reflection standard with settingsidentical to those of the spectrum. Background and sample data werecollected using Result Operation software. The data was displayed as log1/R on the ordinate and as wave numbers on the abscissa. No baselinecorrection, sample smoothing, scattering correction, or derivatives wereapplied.

The samples were either placed directly on the sample window, collectedin a clear, colorless glass vial, or collected on a microscope slide.Powder samples of drug substance were typically collected with >1 mmpowder bed depth. Coated tablets were typically analyzed by centeringthe intact tablet directly on the window of the integrating sphere. Dataon coated tablets were displayed in selected regions such thatcontribution from overlapping peaks from the coating or core excipientswas minimal.

As seen in FIG. 30, the HCl salt Pattern P-5 does not exhibit anyplacebo peaks.

Single Crystal X-Ray Analysis

A single crystal for the structure were obtained and investigated byX-ray diffraction.

Data were collected on a Bruker-Nonius² CAD4 serial diffractometer. Unitcell parameters were obtained through least-squares analysis of theexperimental diffractometer settings of 25 high-angle reflections.Intensities were measured using Cu Kα radiation (λ=1.5418 Å) at aconstant temperature with the θ-2θ variable scan technique and werecorrected only for Lorentz-polarization factors. Background counts werecollected at the extremes of the scan for half of the time of the scan.Alternately, single crystal data were collected on a Bruker-Nonius KappaCCD 2000 system using Cu Kα radiation (λ=1.5418 Å). Indexing andprocessing of the measured intensity data were carried out with theHKL2000 software package³ in the Collect program suite⁴. ² BRUKER AXS,Inc., 5465 East Cheryl Parkway Madison, Wis. 53711 USA³ Otwinowski, Z.et al., Macromolecular Crystallography, Academic, NY, publ., Carter, W.C., Jr. et al., eds., 276:307-326 (1997).⁴ Collect Data collection andprocessing user interface: Collect: Data collection software, R. Hooft,Nonius B.V. (1998).

When indicated, crystals were cooled in the cold stream of an Oxfordcryo system⁵ during data collection. ⁵ Oxford Cryosystems Cryostreamcooler: Cosier, J. et al., J. Appl. Cryst., 19:105 (1986).

The structures were solved by direct methods and refined on the basis ofobserved reflections using either the SDP⁶software package with minorlocal modifications or the crystallographic package, MAXUS.⁷ ⁶SDP,Structure Determination Package, Enraf-Nonius, Bohemia N.Y. 11716.Scattering factors, including f′ and f″, in the SDP software were takenfrom the “International Tables for Crystallography”, Kynoch Press,Birmingham, England, 1974; Vol. IV, Tables 2.2A and 2.3.1.⁷ maXussolution and refinement software suite: S. Mackay, C. J. Gilmore, C.Edwards, M. Tremayne, N. Stewart, K. Shankland. maXus: a computerprogram for the solution and refinement of crystal structures fromdiffraction data.

The derived atomic parameters (coordinates and temperature factors) wererefined through full matrix least-squares. The function minimized in therefinements was

$\sum\limits_{W}\; {\left( {{F_{O}} - {F_{C}}} \right)^{2}.}$

R is defined as Σ∥F_(O)|−|F_(C)∥/Σ|F_(O)| while

$R_{W} = \left\lbrack {\sum\limits_{W}\; {\left( {{F_{O}} - {F_{C}}} \right)^{2}/{\sum\limits_{W}\; {F_{O}}^{2}}}} \right\rbrack^{1/2}$

where w is an appropriate weighting function based on errors in theobserved intensities. Difference maps were examined at all stages ofrefinement. Hydrogens were introduced in idealized positions withisotropic temperature factors, but no hydrogen parameters were varied.

Unit cell parameters for the monohydrate saxagliptin free base structureform H-1 are listed below in Table 1. As used herein, the unit cellparameter “molecules/per cell” refers to the number of molecules ofCompound in the unit cell.

TABLE 1 Unit Cell Data for the Monohydrate Free Base H-1 Structure T° C.a(Å) b(Å) c(Å) α° β° γ° Z′ SG Monohydrate 22 7.270(1) 14.234(1)16.929(1) 90 90 90 1 P2₁2₁2₁ free base H-1 T = temp (° C.) for thecrystallographic data. Z′ = number of drug molecules per asymmetric unitSG = space group

Table 2 below sets forth the positional parameters for the monohydratesaxagliptin free base form H-1 structure at 22° C.:

TABLE 2 Positional Parameters and Estimated Standard Deviations forSaxagliptin Free Base Monohydrate Form H-1 at Room Temperature Atom x yz B(iso) O8 0.4468(4) 0.4805(1) 0.2806(1) 4.45(5) O12 0.6276(3)0.3520(1) 0.5513(1) 3.49(4) O99 −0.0687(4)  0.3156(2) 0.4564(2) 6.27(6)N1 0.3842(3) 0.6329(1) 0.2664(1) 2.56(4) N6 0.8457(4) 0.6312(3)0.2824(2) 6.64(8) N9 0.1041(4) 0.4599(2) 0.3586(1) 4.00(5) C2 0.5327(4)0.6428(2) 0.2080(1) 3.07(5) C3 0.5017(4) 0.7398(2) 0.1697(2) 3.85(6) C40.3708(5) 0.7903(2) 0.2229(2) 4.15(6) C5 0.2959(4) 0.7216(2) 0.2815(2)3.27(5) C6 0.7115(4) 0.6359(2) 0.2489(2) 4.13(6) C7 0.4200(5) 0.7992(2)0.3090(2) 4.38(6) C8 0.3599(4) 0.5493(2) 0.3028(1) 2.74(5) C9 0.2250(4)0.5418(2) 0.3715(1) 2.71(5) C10 0.3286(3) 0.5354(2) 0.4511(1) 2.27(4)C11 0.4324(3) 0.4419(2) 0.4613(1) 2.33(4) C12 0.5300(4) 0.4388(2)0.5417(1) 2.57(4) C13 0.3878(4) 0.4480(2) 0.6074(1) 3.16(5) C140.2859(4) 0.5418(2) 0.5992(1) 3.31(5) C15 0.1888(4) 0.5454(2) 0.5187(2)3.04(5) C16 0.4687(4) 0.6164(2) 0.4581(1) 2.74(5) C17 0.5660(4)0.6132(2) 0.5387(2) 3.11(5) C18 0.4236(5) 0.6227(2) 0.6050(2) 3.85(6)C19 0.6667(4) 0.5194(2) 0.5466(2) 3.05(5) H121 0.539 0.295 0.547 4.5

Unit cell parameters for the hemi-hydrate of the saxagliptin free basestructure (form H.5-2) are listed below in Table 3:

TABLE 3 Unit Cell Data for Form H0.5-2 Form T° a(Å) b(Å) c(Å) α° β° γ°Z′ SG H0.5-2 −40 13.841(2) 13.841(2) 15.273(6) 90 90 120 1 P64 T = temp(° C.) for crystallographic data Z′ = number of drug molecules perasymmetric unit SG = space group

Table 4 below sets forth the positional parameters for the form H0.5-2at −40° C.:

TABLE 4 Positional Parameters and their Estimated Standard Deviationsfor Saxagliptin Free Base 0.5H₂O Form H.5-2 at −40° C. XAtom x y zB(iso) Occupancy* O8 0.0946(2) 0.1680(2) 0.1322(2) 2.69(7)  O120.3654(2) 0.1944(3) −0.1059(2) 3.96(9)  O99 0.000 0.0000 0.0072(3)4.1(1) .5 N1 0.1811(3) 0.2798(3) 0.2458(3) 2.41(8)  N6 0.1705(5)0.4474(4) 0.0879(4) 9.2(2) N9 0.1654(3) 0.0192(3) 0.1921(2) 2.58(9)  C20.1139(4) 0.3337(4) 0.2334(4) 3.7(1) C3 0.1396(4) 0.4072(4) 0.3164(5)6.1(2) C4 0.2357(4) 0.4136(4) 0.3594(3) 3.5(1) C5 0.2578(4) 0.3286(4)0.3177(3) 3.9(1) C6 0.1442(4) 0.3962(4) 0.1529(4) 5.1(1) C7 0.3398(4)0.4516(5) 0.3087(4) 5.3(2) C8 0.1663(3) 0.1967(3) 0.1912(3) 2.4(1) C90.2353(3) 0.1401(3) 0.2039(3) 2.2(1) C10 0.3372(3) 0.1907(3) 0.1396(3)2.4(1) C11 0.3006(3) 0.1699(3) 0.0432(3) 2.4(1) C12 0.4023(3) 0.2189(3)−0.0163(3) 2.8(1) C13 0.4734(3) 0.1662(3) 0.0012(3) 3.0(1) C14 0.5120(3)0.1863(4) 0.0973(3) 3.2(1) C15 0.4085(3) 0.1354(3) 0.1579(3) 2.6(1) C160.4099(3) 0.3161(3) 0.1546(3) 2.7(1) C17 0.5122(4) 0.3655(4) 0.0943(3)3.3(1) C18 0.4710(3) 0.3442(4) −0.0020(3) 3.2(1) C19 0.5826(4) 0.3107(4)0.1131(3) 3.7(1) H121 0.291 0.202 −0.115 3.7 *Occupancy is 1. unlessotherwise indicated.

Unit cell parameters for the saxagliptin free base (neat) form N-3 arelisted below in Table 5:

TABLE 5 Unit Cell Data for Free Base (neat) Form N-3 Form T° a(Å) b(Å)c(Å) α° β° γ° Z′ SG N-3 22 22.739 25.646(2) 8.6785(3) 90 90 90 3 P2₁2₁2₁(2) T = temp (° C.) for crystallographic data Z′ = number of drugmolecules per asymmetric unit SG = space group

Table 6 below sets forth the positional parameters for the free baseneat form N-3 at 22° C.:

TABLE 6 Positional Parameters and Estimated Standard Deviations forSaxagliptin Free Base Form N-3 at rt Atom x y z B(iso) O1 −0.05987(10) 0.44920(9)  0.7049(3) 4.2 O2 −0.22352(10)  0.45680(11) 0.0364(3) 4.6 C3−0.13471(13)  0.45476(13) 0.4101(4) 3.3 N4 −0.17842(14)  0.48805(13)0.6584(3) 4.6 C5 −0.10153(14)  0.42147(14) 0.6705(4) 3.2 C6−0.05076(13)  0.34842(13) 0.7914(4) 3.7 N7 −0.10266(11)  0.37054(10)0.7152(3) 3.2 C8 −0.18981(13)  0.45279(14) 0.3039(4) 3.4 C9−0.17285(14)  0.46183(14) 0.1359(4) 3.5 C10 −0.15349(14)  0.44283(14)0.5790(4) 3.5 C11 −0.12974(15)  0.42073(16) 0.0841(4) 3.4 C12−0.10595(17)  0.50825(15) 0.3914(4) 4.2 C13 −0.07321(16)  0.29766(14)0.8668(5) 4.4 C14 −0.09167(16)  0.41289(15) 0.3530(4) 4.6 C15−0.14527(19)  0.51534(15) 0.1222(5) 3.9 C16 −0.14873(15)  0.33258(15)0.6982(5) 4.5 C17 −0.12994(17)  0.28580(15) 0.7875(6) 5.0 C18−0.00471(16)  0.33843(15) 0.6762(5) 4.5 C19 −0.07432(15)  0.42285(17)0.1838(4) 4.5 C20 −0.04633(17)  0.4763(2) 0.1696(5) 5.8 C21−0.09005(18)  0.51780(17) 0.2225(5) 5.2 N22 0.03052(17) 0.33001(17)0.5864(6) 7.0 C23 −0.1313(2)  0.28391(16) 0.6124(6) 6.2 O24 0.39419(11)0.79443(10) 0.7172(3) 5.2 O25 0.42635(11) 0.87804(10) 0.1830(3) 5.2 C260.33327(16) 0.74865(14) 0.3620(4) 4.1 C27 0.28533(16) 0.69115(14)0.7047(4) 4.1 C28 0.36687(15) 0.84136(14) 0.3812(4) 3.9 N29 0.33770(11)0.72288(11) 0.7255(3) 3.8 C30 0.34677(15) 0.77270(14) 0.6836(4) 3.7 C310.31650(14) 0.80372(13) 0.4189(4) 3.7 N32 0.29296(13) 0.85315(12)0.6688(4) 3.3 C33 0.30044(15) 0.80230(14) 0.5928(4) 4.9 C34 0.26124(14)0.82134(14) 0.3289(4) 3.6 C35 0.34544(15) 0.75000(15) 0.1890(5) 3.9 C360.38554(15) 0.69249(14) 0.7927(4) 4.3 C37 0.37937(14) 0.84165(14)0.2081(4) 4.5 C38 0.27380(16) 0.82210(14) 0.1559(4) 4.4 C39 0.39568(17)0.78716(15) 0.1560(5) 4.5 C40 0.32459(16) 0.85960(15) 0.1222(5) 4.5 C410.29023(17) 0.76709(15) 0.1030(5) 4.7 C42 0.29718(17) 0.64009(15)0.7822(5) 5.0 C43 0.29261(19) 0.64308(16) 0.6106(5) 5.3 C44 0.35622(18)0.64272(16) 0.8560(6) 5.4 C45 0.4286(2) 0.68043(18) 0.6744(6) 6.1 N460.4604(2) 0.6688(2) 0.5760(7) 10.0 O47 0.15963(11) 0.62069(10) 0.7441(3)4.7 C48 0.07982(15) 0.62631(14) 0.4479(4) 3.5 N49 0.11404(12)0.54375(11) 0.7477(3) 3.5 C50 0.11611(15) 0.59490(14) 0.7079(4) 3.5 N510.04708(14) 0.66766(13) 0.6931(4) 4.5 C52 0.06518(14) 0.61853(13)0.6214(4) 3.6 C53 0.02175(14) 0.63469(15) 0.3619(4) 3.9 O54−0.02329(12)  0.64764(12) 0.1109(3) 5.7 C55 0.03222(16) 0.64207(15)0.1904(4) 4.3 C56 0.11021(16) 0.57825(15) 0.3791(4) 4.6 C57 0.0712(2)0.68926(17) 0.1661(5) 5.6 C58 0.06243(17) 0.59442(17) 0.1249(5) 4.6 C590.06628(16) 0.50661(15) 0.7200(5) 4.5 C60 0.16495(15) 0.51800(14)0.8183(5) 4.4 C61 0.08377(19) 0.45703(17) 0.7979(6) 5.9 C62 0.11947(17)0.67434(16) 0.4207(4) 4.6 C63 0.12106(17) 0.58623(17) 0.2066(5) 4.8 C640.21108(18) 0.51072(17) 0.7069(6) 5.6 C65 0.0820(2) 0.46031(16)0.6246(6) 6.1 C66 0.14030(19) 0.46597(17) 0.8809(6) 5.8 C67 0.1297(2)0.68103(19) 0.2473(5) 5.6 C68 0.16031(18) 0.6337(2) 0.1833(5) 6.0 N690.2470(2) 0.5033(2) 0.6186(7) 9.3

Unit cell parameters for the HCl salt 2 equiv. H₂O form H2-1 saxagliptinare listed below in Table 7:

TABLE 7 Unit Cell Data for MonoHCl Salt 2 equiv. H₂O Form H2-1 Form T°a(Å) b(Å) c(Å) α° β° γ° Z′ SG HCl salt −50  10.994(1)  6.834(1) 12.922(1) 90  95.66(1) 90 1 P2₁ (H2-1) +22 11.0261(4) 6.8436(2)12.9928(4) 90 95.734(2) 90 1 P2₁ T = temp (° C.) for crystallographicdata Z′ = number of drug molecules per asymmetric unit SG = space group

Table 7A below sets forth the positional parameters for the HCl salt 2equiv. H₂O form H2-1 saxagliptin are listed below:

TABLE 7A Positional Parameters and their Estimated Standard Deviationsfor HCl Salt Form H2-1 at rt Atom x y z B(iso) Cl1 0.71464(9) 0.15050(16) 0.02389(8)  5.1 O1 0.5783(3) 0.6616(7) −0.0840(2)  6.1 O20.9902(3) 0.7298(6) −0.0268(2)  6.1 O8 0.98215(19) 0.5055(4) 0.17861(18)3.5 O12 0.3839(2) 0.5140(7) 0.2039(2) 5.3 N1 1.0095(2) 0.8115(4)0.2377(2) 3.0 N6 1.1726(4) 0.5643(8) 0.4352(3) 5.9 N9 0.7826(2)0.6001(5) 0.05558(18) 3.2 C2I 1.1404(3) 0.7709(6) 0.2657(3) 3.5 C3I1.2000(3) 0.9729(7) 0.2768(3) 4.2 C4I 1.0990(4) 1.1156(7) 0.2880(3) 4.5C5I 0.9800(3) 1.0126(7) 0.2584(3) 3.8 C6 1.1572(3) 0.6540(7) 0.3614(3)4.0 C7I 1.0115(3) 1.0771(8) 0.3683(3) 4.9 C8 0.9395(3) 0.6694(6)0.1923(2) 2.8 C9I 0.8066(2) 0.7119(6) 0.1549(2) 3.0 C10 0.7168(3)0.6537(6) 0.2361(2) 3.0 C11I 0.5904(3) 0.6128(6) 0.1800(2) 3.6 C120.4988(3) 0.5673(7) 0.2582(3) 4.0 C13I 0.5431(3) 0.3895(7) 0.3221(3) 4.4C14I 0.6661(3) 0.4327(8) 0.3806(3) 4.6 C15I 0.7586(3) 0.4774(7)0.3017(3) 3.9 C16I 0.6579(3)  0.6111(10) 0.4508(3) 5.2 C17I 0.6152(3)0.7864(8) 0.3872(3) 4.7 C18I 0.7064(3) 0.8317(6) 0.3082(3) 4.0 C19I0.4897(4) 0.7420(9) 0.3276(3) 4.7

Unit cell parameters for the 1.33 HCl salt form H1.67 saxagliptin arelisted in Table 8:

TABLE 8 Unit Cell Parameters for the 1.33 HCl Salt Form H1.67-1Structure T a(Å) b(Å) c(Å) α° β° γ° Z′ SG 1.33 HCl −50 7.0209(3)12.9804(4) 16.8658(6) 75.698(2) 89.374(2) 87.987(2) 3 P1 Form H1.67-1 T= temp (° C.) for crystallographic data Z′ = number of drug moleculesper asymmetric unit SG = space group

Table 8A below sets forth the positional parameters for the 1.33 HClsalt form H1.67 at −50° C.:

TABLE 8A Positional Parameters and their Estimated Standard Deviationsfor 1.33 HCl Salt Form H1.67 at −50° C. Atom x y z B(iso) O8 0.0933(7)0.5768(3) 0.1664(3) 4.5 O12 −0.0165(5)  0.7520(3) −0.1478(2)  3.2 N10.2919(7) 0.6658(4) 0.2268(3) 3.2 N6 −0.1131(11) 0.8095(7) 0.2456(5) 7.4N9 0.3795(7) 0.5214(3) 0.0743(3) 3.2 C2I 0.4594(9) 0.7221(5) 0.2384(4)4.1 C3I  0.4521(10) 0.7359(5) 0.3227(4) 4.4 C4I  0.2771(11) 0.6826(6)0.3644(4) 5. C5I  0.1556(10) 0.6631(5) 0.2939(4) 4.4 C6  0.0023(11)0.7452(7) 0.2678(5) 5.0 C7I  0.4273(11) 0.8304(5) 0.2530(4) 4.8 C80.2468(9) 0.6209(4) 0.1651(3) 3.1 C9I 0.3860(9) 0.6268(4) 0.0964(3) 2.9C10 0.3395(8) 0.7194(4) 0.0192(3) 2.6 C11I 0.1763(8) 0.6939(4)−0.0302(3)  2.8 C12 0.1352(8) 0.7858(4) −0.1046(3)  2.6 C13I 0.3167(9)0.8029(5) −0.1581(3)  3.2 C14I 0.4785(9) 0.8320(5) −0.1108(3)  3.5 C15I0.4250(9) 0.9328(5) −0.0830(4)  3.5 C16I  0.2500(10) 0.9138(4)−0.0301(4)  3.7 C17I 0.2828(9) 0.8214(5) 0.0470(4) 3.6 C18I 0.5179(8)0.7417(5) −0.0352(3)   3.4 C19I 0.0830(9) 0.8852(4) −0.0783(3)   3.2 O280.5390(6) 0.3369(3) 0.1765(2) 3.3 O32 0.4055(9) 0.1674(6) 0.4701(4) 9.3N21 0.6437(6) 0.2130(4) 0.1126(3) 2.7 N26 0.2220(9) 0.1005(6) 0.1604(5)6.7 N29 0.8927(7) 0.3560(4) 0.2320(3) 3.3 C22I 0.4658(8) 0.2213(5)0.0649(3) 3.1 C23I 0.5213(9) 0.1795(5) −0.0100(3)  3.7 C24I 0.7054(8)0.1155(5) 0.0120(4) 3.1 C25I 0.7806(8) 0.1409(5) 0.0888(4) 3.4 C26 0.3232(10) 0.1551(6) 0.1197(5) 4.6 C27I 0.7129(9) 0.0314(5) 0.0918(4)4.0 C28 0.6637(9) 0.2705(5) 0.1685(3) 2.6 C29I 0.8338(8) 0.2486(4)0.2244(3) 26 C30 0.7833(7) 0.1725(4) 0.3088(3) 2.6 C31I 0.6131(9)0.2100(5) 0.3506(4) 3.7 C32 0.5723(9) 0.1315(6) 0.4326(4) 4.3 C33I 0.5312(12) 0.0260(7) 0.4166(4) 5.6 C34I  0.6992(14) −0.0160(5) 0.3768(4) 5.7 C35I  0.7428(11) 0.0623(5) 0.2951(4) 4.7 C36I  0.9547(10)0.1583(6) 0.3659(4) 4.9 C37I 0.9130(9) 0.0799(6) 0.4475(4) 4.7 C38I 0.7391(10) 0.1229(5) 0.4867(4) 4.4 C39I  0.8722(12) −0.0277(5) 0.4320(4) 6.1 O48 0.8173(6) 0.6372(3) 0.7127(2) 3.0 O52 0.6456(5)0.2649(3) 0.6916(2) 3.0 N41 1.1251(6) 0.6582(3) 0.6748(3) 2.5 N460.8983(9) 0.6653(5) 0.4968(4) 5.4 N49 0.9137(6) 0.5310(3) 0.8662(2) 2.4C42I 1.0684(8) 0.7443(4) 0.6040(3) 2.8 C43I 1.2544(8) 0.8006(5)0.5727(4) 3.6 C44I 1.4132(9) 0.7276(5) 0.6141(4) 3.6 C45I 1.3276(8)0.6409(4) 0.6782(3) 2.8 C46 0.9718(9) 0.7005(5) 0.5436(4) 3.2 C47I1.4221(9) 0.6159(5) 0.6047(4) 3.9 C48 0.9831(9) 0.6096(4) 0.7251(3) 2.3C49I 1.0409(7) 0.5166(4) 0.7968(3) 2.3 C50 1.0236(7) 0.4071(4) 0.7777(3)2.5 C51I 0.8296(8) 0.3912(4) 0.7402(3) 2.6 C52 0.8281(7) 0.2820(4)0.7218(3) 2.3 C53I 0.8598(8) 0.1960(4) 0.8019(3) 2.8 C54I 1.0498(8)0.2099(4) 0.8377(3) 2.6 C55I 1.0537(8) 0.3186(4) 0.8564(3) 2.6 C56I1.1815(7) 0.3949(4) 0.7158(3) 2.5 C57I 1.1785(8) 0.2857(4) 0.6978(3) 2.7C58I 0.9845(7) 0.2716(4) 0.6617(3) 2.7 C59I 1.2096(8) 0.1991(4)0.7773(3) 3.2 O72 0.6215(7) 0.4873(4) 0.2885(3) 5.7 O73 0.5691(5)0.0717(3) 0.7075(2) 4.0 O74 0.3079(6) 0.0502(3) 0.6175(2) 4.5 O750.5570(7) 0.3810(4) 0.5403(3) 6.0 O76 0.8297(7) 0.4880(4) 0.4299(3) 6.2Cl 1.2187(3) 0.39051(17) 0.37871(18) 8.0 Cl1 0.0167(2) 0.39767(12)0.04845(9)  4.4 Cl2 0.9267(2) −0.04877(11)  0.69278(9)  3.8 Cl30.48975(18) 0.47499(11) 0.90366(8)  3.3 H92 0.4473 0.4564 0.1212 4.1 H930.2299 0.4976 0.0697 4.1 H94 0.4477 0.5218 0.0163 4.1 H291 1.0106 0.34620.2719 4.2 H292 0.9295 0.4011 0.1712 4.2 H293 0.7717 0.3925 0.2545 4.2H494 0.9708 0.4836 0.9236 3.4 H492 0.8985 0.6108 0.8649 3.4 H493 0.77230.4982 0.8581 3.4 H521 0.6238 0.3157 0.6292 3.6 H721 0.4789 0.45670.3076 3.6 H722 0.6995 0.4868 0.3440 6.5 H731 0.6955 0.0244 0.7032 6.5H732 0.5986 0.1522 0.7016 4.6 H741 0.4353 0.0595 0.6636 4.6 H742 0.15870.0684 0.6316 5.1 H743 0.3444 0.0979 0.5590 5.1 H751 0.6623 0.42120.4972 6.8 H752 0.5078 0.3134 0.5179 6.8 H761 0.9639 0.4557 0.4134 6.7H762 0.8537 0.5541 0.4558 6.7

Unit cell parameters for the saxagliptin HCl salt 0.75 equiv. H₂O formH0.75-3 are listed below in Table 9:

TABLE 9 Unit Cell Data for HCl Salt 0.75 equiv. H₂O Form H0.75-3 Form Ta(Å) b(Å) c(Å) α° β° γ° Z′ SG HCl salt form H0.75.3 22 43.913(1)6.759(1) 17.948(1) 90 134.98 90 2 C2 T = temp (° C.) for thecrystallographic data Z′ = number of drug molecules per asymmetric unitSG = space group

Table 10 below sets forth the positional parameters for the HCl saltform H0.75-3 at 25° C.:

TABLE 10 Positional Parameters and Estimated Deviations for HCl Salt(0.75 equiv. H₂O) Form H.75-3 at rt Name x y z B(iso) Occupancy* CL10.1782 0.1571 −0.0224 12.3 CL2 0.0720 0.3516 0.0202 14.2 O8 0.28510.4780 0.1856 9.7 O12 0.1292 0.7725 0.1572 21.8 O28 −0.0377 0.7214−0.1424 12.8 O32 0.1241 0.7696 −0.1265 11.0 O99 0.2393 0.7289 −0.024312.5 O100 0.0000 0.1469 0.0000 9.6 0.5 N1 0.3110 0.7884 0.2359 8.6 N60.3973 0.5579 0.4435 12.3 N9 0.2055 0.6135 0.0465 9.2 N21 −0.0603 1.0022−0.2340 12.2 N26 −0.1568 0.7817 −0.4560 13.8 N29 0.0416 0.8097 −0.024313.0 C2 0.3513 0.7025 0.2746 12.5 C3 0.3771 0.9001 0.2902 11.3 C4 0.35171.0597 0.2870 14.6 C5 0.3101 0.9998 0.2490 10.1 C6 0.3729 0.6130 0.365318.2 C7 0.3493 1.0651 0.3647 11.0 C8 0.2813 0.6573 0.1942 8.6 C9 0.23370.7232 0.1435 8.1 C10 0.2279 0.6932 0.2166 11.3 C11 0.1801 0.7376 0.14988.9 C12 0.1672 0.7269 0.2088 16.4 C13 0.2010 0.8873 0.3070 13.0 C140.2468 0.8461 0.3733 11.4 C15 0.2560 0.8467 0.3033 9.0 C16 0.2425 0.49410.2701 8.9 C17 0.2341 0.4742 0.3413 14.0 C18 0.1856 0.5564 0.2680 20.5C19 0.2586 0.6607 0.4189 12.1 C22 −0.1059 0.9741 −0.2739 11.3 C23−0.1240 1.1865 −0.2910 15.1 C24 −0.0934 1.2981 −0.2880 12.7 C25 −0.05811.2109 −0.2534 13.9 C26 −0.1281 0.8818 −0.3662 15.6 C27 −0.0919 1.2741−0.3670 12.3 C28 −0.0339 0.8602 −0.1742 11.1 C29 0.0141 0.9006 −0.12389.3 C30 0.0202 0.8334 −0.1968 11.4 C31 0.0701 0.8472 −0.1251 8.7 C320.0751 0.7709 −0.1988 11.0 C33 0.0609 0.5718 −0.2316 8.9 C34 0.01090.5724 −0.3068 11.3 C35 0.0009 0.6297 −0.2410 12.8 C36 −0.0030 0.9877−0.2860 9.8 C37 0.0087 0.9363 −0.3472 12.3 C38 0.0559 0.9192 −0.281611.3 C39 −0.0077 0.7333 −0.3864 15.3 *Occupancy is 1. unless otherwisenoted.Typical errors in coordinates (x, y, z) are 0.0003, 002, 001.

Unit cell parameters for the 1.25 hydrate HCl salt of saxagliptin freebase (form H1.25) are substantially equal to the following listed inTable 11:

TABLE 11 Cell Dimensions from Single Crystal of HCl Salt Form H1.25-2Temperature at −50° C. at +22° C. a (Å) 31.198(8) Å 31.290(4) Å b (Å) 6.860(1) Å  6.880(1) Å c (Å) 19.652(6) Å 19.706(3) Å α° 90 90 β°114.98(2)° 114.79(1)° γ° 90 90 Space group C2 C2 Molecules/asymmetricunit  2  2 Where T = temp (° C.) for the crystallographic data Z′ =number of drug molecules per asymmetric unit SG = space groupand characterized by the positional parameters substantially as listedin Table 11A:

TABLE 11A Positional Parameters and their Estimated Standard Deviationsfor HCl Salt (1.25 equiv. H₂O) Form H1.25-2 at −50° C. Occu- Atom x y zB(iso) pancy* CL1 0.24463(7)  0.0334(4)  −0.0991(1) 3.46(5)   CL20.30720(6)  0.0371(4)  0.4947(1) 2.67(4)   O5 0.2814(2) 0.100(1)0.3240(3) 3.4(2) O8 0.3585(2) −0.1671(9)    0.0647(3) 2.9(1) O380.1808(2) 0.2215(8)  0.3305(3) 2.2(1) O42 0.0254(4) 0.403(2) 0.3263(6)2.9(3) 0.5 O44 −0.0014(4)   −0.216(2)   0.3054(6) 3.2(3) 0.5 O90 0.00000.361 0.0000 5.3 0.35 O98 0.2370(2) −0.028(1)   0.6218(3) 3.9(2) O990.1979(2) 0.148(1) 0.0792(3) 3.4(1) N1 0.3853(2) 0.141(1) 0.0690(3)2.3(1) N6 0.4913(3) −0.064(2)   0.1679(5) 6.0(3) N9 0.2783(2)−0.039(1)   0.0707(3) 2.2(2) N31 0.1640(2) −0.085(1)   0.2841(3) 2.1(1)N36 0.0940(3) 0.158(2) 0.1238(4) 6.2(3) N39 0.2031(2) 0.098(1) 0.4716(3)2.1(2) C2 0.4229(3) 0.077(1) 0.0473(4) 2.8(2) C3 0.4389(3) 0.262(2)0.0187(4) 3.8(2) C4 0.4188(3) 0.430(2) 0.0459(4) 3.3(2) C5 0.3842(3)0.354(1) 0.0746(4) 2.5(2) C6 0.4626(3) −0.009(2)   0.1153(5) 4.1(3) C70.4304(3) 0.445(2) 0.1282(4) 3.4(2) C8 0.3569(2) 0.008(1) 0.0781(3)2.4(2) C9 0.3227(2) 0.075(1) 0.1107(4) 2.1(2) C10 0.3427(2) 0.047(1)0.1971(3) 1.8(2) C11 0.3024(2) 0.080(1) 0.2226(3) 2.1(2) C12 0.3214(2)0.061(2) 0.3075(4) 2.5(2) C13 0.3594(3) 0.218(2) 0.3443(4) 3.2(2) C140.3994(2) 0.187(1) 0.3210(4) 2.4(2) C15 0.3811(3) 0.204(1) 0.2346(4)2.5(2) C16 0.3644(3) −0.156(1)   0.2238(4) 2.6(2) C17 0.3823(3)−0.175(1)   0.3099(4) 3.0(2) C18 0.4209(3) −0.019(2)   0.3464(4) 3.2(2)C19 0.3422(3) −0.140(1)   0.3327(4) 2.9(2) C32 0.1702(3) −0.023(1)  0.2162(4) 2.7(2) C33 0.1787(3) −0.220(2)   0.1837(4) 3.4(2) C340.1607(3) −0.377(1)   0.2172(4) 2.8(2) C35 0.1532(3) −0.292(1)  0.2828(4) 2.6(2) C36 0.1272(3) 0.082(1) 0.1639(4) 3.5(2) C37 0.1119(3)−0.361(1)   0.2158(4) 3.1(2) C38 0.1706(2) 0.051(1) 0.3382(3) 2.0(2) C390.1655(2) −0.013(1)   0.4081(3) 1.7(2) C40 0.1155(2) 0.024(1) 0.4041(4)2.1(2) C41 0.0951(3) 0.222(1) 0.3672(4) 2.7(2) C42 0.0452(3) 0.249(2)0.3655(5) 3.6(2) C43 0.0135(3) 0.089(2) 0.3207(4) 4.0(3) C44 0.0327(3)−0.107(2)   0.3559(4) 3.3(2) C45 0.0364(3) −0.111(2)   0.4357(4) 3.3(2)C46 0.0683(2) 0.052(2) 0.4813(4) 2.9(2) C47 0.1176(2) 0.025(2) 0.4839(3)2.5(2) C48 0.0825(2) −0.139(2)   0.3587(4) 3.0(2) C49 0.0490(3) 0.250(2)0.4451(4) 3.0(2) *Occupancy is 1 unless otherwise noted

Unit cell parameters for the diHCl salt of saxagliptin (2 equiv. H₂O)(form H2-1) are substantially equal to the following listed in Table 12:

TABLE 12 Unit Cell Data for di HCL Salt Form H2-1 Salt Form T(° C.) a(Å)b(Å) c(Å) α° β° γ° Z′ sg “2HCl” H2-1 −50 15.227(1) 6.807(1) 20.451(1) 9090 90 1 P2₁2₁2₁ T = temp (° C.) for the crystallographic data Z′ =number of drug molecules per asymmetric unit SG = space groupand characterized by the positional parameters substantially as listedin Table 12A:

TABLE 12A Positional Parameters and Estimated Deviations for DiHCl Salt(2 equiv. H₂O) Form H2-1 at −50° C. Atom x y z B Ciso CL1 0.418457−0.409961 0.281265 5.9 CL2 0.466819 0.152597 0.427700 7.1 O8 0.255093−0.058678 0.350457 4.6 O12 0.403289 −0.010342 0.038751 4.7 O98 0.349604−0.401552 0.422191 7.8 O99 0.473173 −0.255339 0.478620 5.9 N1 0.1943700.241827 0.340532 4.0 N7 −0.002269 −0.001734 0.355406 7.7 N9 0.3983920.044827 0.286334 3.9 C2 0.134083 0.198318 0.395869 4.9 C3 0.1091240.402007 0.422538 5.6 C4 0.128126 0.548078 0.367818 5.3 C5 0.1853030.439024 0.317983 4.9 C6 0.057542 0.083862 0.372894 5.0 C8 0.2510020.104285 0.322549 3.9 C9 0.314652 0.146875 0.268040 3.9 C10 0.2816080.083493 0.199306 3.6 C11 0.360315 0.062475 0.150831 4.5 C12 0.3276770.010845 0.082255 3.9 C13 0.275886 −0.187956 0.084592 5.3 C14 0.197144−0.164201 0.130291 5.5 C15 0.230540 −0.112143 0.200613 4.3 C16 0.2215980.247276 0.171810 4.4 C17 0.190889 0.195757 0.103571 5.4 C18 0.2702300.169368 0.057080 5.2 C19 0.138776 0.003488 0.104051 6.0 C20 0.0929130.503918 0.301088 6.3

Unit cell parameters of the dihydrate of the HBr salt of saxagliptinfree base form H2-1 are substantially equal to the following listed inTable 13:

TABLE 13 Cell Dimensions from Single Crystal of HBr Salt Form H2-1Temperature ° C. at −50° C. at +22° C. a (Å) 11.120(1) Å 11.073(7) Å b(Å)  6.888(1) Å  6.877(1) Å c (Å) 12.993(1) Å 13.029(5) Å α° 90 90 β°94.60(1)° 94.74(4)° γ° 90 90 Space group P2₁ P2₁ Molecules/asymmetricunit  1  1 T = temp (° C.) for the crystallographic data Z′ = number ofdrug molecules per asymmetric unit SG = space groupand characterized by the positional parameters substantially as listedin Table 14:

TABLE 14 Positional Parameters and their Estimated Standard Deviationsfor HBr Salt (2 equiv. H₂O) Form H2-1 at −50° C. Atom x y z B(iso) Br0.71123(5)  0.15800(13)  0.02085(5)  5.1 O1 0.9828(3) 0.5122(6) 0.1795(3) 3.7 O2 0.3904(4) 0.5272(9)  0.2131(3) 5.6 O3 0.5883(4)0.6751(12) −0.0857(3)  6.0 O4 0.9882(5) 0.7470(10) −0.0259(4)  6.4 N11.0117(4) 0.8153(8)  0.2383(4) 3.6 N2 0.7868(4) 0.6159(7)  0.0575(3) 3.6N3 1.1706(6) 0.5715(12) 0.4333(6) 6.2 C1 0.8097(4) 0.7222(9)  0.1597(4)3.3 C2 0.7620(6) 0.4793(12) 0.3024(5) 4.5 C3 0.5049(5) 0.5760(11)0.2661(5) 4.3 C4 0.7211(4) 0.6633(13) 0.2402(3) 3.3 C5 0.9432(4)0.6779(11) 0.1928(3) 3.3 C6 1.1571(5) 0.6590(15) 0.3606(5) 4.6 C71.0160(6) 1.0798(13) 0.3667(6) 5.7 C8 0.9839(5) 1.0156(10) 0.2598(5) 4.5C9 0.5944(4) 0.6228(10) 0.1858(4) 3.8 C10 0.6607(6) 0.6068(14) 0.4542(5)5.4 C11 0.6191(6) 0.7889(13) 0.3938(5) 4.9 C12 0.5470(5) 0.3989(12)0.3253(5) 4.8 C13 1.2030(5) 0.9743(11) 0.2723(5) 4.5 C14 1.1409(5)0.7703(10) 0.2639(4) 3.9 C15 1.1022(6) 1.1157(9)  0.2856(6) 4.9 C160.4968(6) 0.7501(13) 0.3362(5) 5.2 C17 0.6707(5) 0.4361(13) 0.3828(5)5.0 C18 0.7124(6) 0.8319(12) 0.3150(5) 4.5

Unit cell parameters of the monohydrate of the HBr salt of saxagliptinfree base form H1-2 (also referred to as form T1H2) are substantiallyequal to the following as listed in Table 15:

TABLE 15 Cell Dimensions from Single Crystal of HBr Salt Form H1-2 (22°C.) a (Å) 23.30(1) Å b (Å)  6.77(1) Å c (Å) 12.90(1) Å α° 90 β°102.2(1)° γ° 90 Space group C2 Molecules/asymmetric unit  1and characterized by the positional parameters substantially as listedin Table 16:

TABLE 16 Positional Parameters and their Estimated Standard Deviationsfor Saxagliptin HBr Salt (1 equiv. H₂O) Form H1-2 at rt Atom x y zB(iso) BR 0.1177(1)  0.1905(8)  −0.0409(2)  9.14(7)  O2 −0.057 0.76780.143(1) 8.4(5) O4 0.2390(8)  0.786(2) −0.030(1)  10.7(6)  O110.2337(8)  0.544(2) 0.184(1) 8.5(5) N1 0.2517(8)  0.851(3) 0.238(1)6.0(5) N2 0.1407(7)  0.673(4) 0.036(1) 7.4(4) N3 0.325(1) 0.614(3)0.461(2) 11.6(7)  C1 0.1522(9)  0.770(2) 0.142(1) 5.0(6) C2 0.111(1)0.497(3) 0.246(2) 7.4(7) C3 0.0016(9)  0.742(3) 0.208(1) 5.8(6) C40.1085(7)  0.733(3) 0.210(1) 4.1(5) C5 0.2161(8)  0.724(3) 0.189(1)5.5(5) C6 0.3223(9)  0.687(6) 0.380(2) 9.4(6) C7 0.261(1) 1.128(3)0.364(2) 8.0(7) C8 0.242(1) 1.059(3) 0.250(2) 6.6(6) C9 0.0464(9) 0.763(3) 0.142(1) 6.1(7) C10 0.076(1) 0.637(4) 0.399(2) 8.8(7) C110.073(1) 0.843(3) 0.371(2) 7.1(7) C12 0.004(1) 0.514(3) 0.242(2) 8.3(7)C13 0.346(1) 1.001(3) 0.296(2) 7.3(7) C14 0.316(1) 0.800(3) 0.280(2)6.5(7) C15 0.303(1) 1.146(4) 0.292(2) 9.3(7) C16 0.013(1) 0.857(4)0.300(2) 10.0(8)  C17 0.062(1) 0.477(3) 0.313(2) 8.7(7) C18 0.119(1)0.849(3) 0.303(2) 6.7(6)

Unit cell parameters of hemihydrate of the R—H-tartrate salt ofsaxagliptin free base form H.5-1 are substantially equal to thefollowing as listed in Table 17:

TABLE 17 Cell Dimensions of Single Crystal of Tartrate Salt Form H.5-1(−173° C.) a (Å)  7.070(1) Å b (Å) 16.400(1) Å c (Å) 19.640(1) Å α° 90β° 97.69(2)° γ° 90 Space group P2₁ Molecules/asymmetric unit  2and characterized by the positional parameters substantially as listedin Table 18:

TABLE 18 Positional Parameters for R-H-Tartrate (1:1) Salt (0.5 equiv.H₂O) Form H.5-1 at −173° C. Atom x y z U B(iso) Occupancy* O1 0.536(3)−0.0069(14)   0.1780(9)   0.063(6) 5.5 O2 0.508(3) 0.0667(13)0.0780(9)   0.065(6) 5.8 O3 1.167(3) 0.0834(12) 0.0814(8)   0.052(5) 4.5O4 1.218(3) 0.1414(14) 0.1867(10) 0.071(6) 5.7 O5 0.902(3) −0.0206(12)  0.1878(8)   0.053(5) 4.2 O6 0.842(3) 0.1490(14) 0.1953(10) 0.074(7) 4.5C1 0.900(4) 0.1131(19) 0.1363(13) 0.047(8) 4.0 C2 0.595(4) 0.028(2)0.1304(14) 0.055(9) 4.9 C3 0.814(4) 0.0262(16) 0.1309(12) 0.036(7) 3.1C4 1.114(4) 0.1111(19) 0.1365(13) 0.046(8) 4.2 O7 0.503(3) −0.0979(12)  0.4322(8)   0.053(5) 3.0 O8 0.460(3) −0.1321(13)   0.3210(9)   0.061(6)4.8 O9 −0.154(3) −0.0674(12)   0.4308(8)   0.046(5) 4.8 O10 −0.203(3)−0.0035(13)   0.3302(9)   0.059(6) 4.0 O11 0.157(3)   0.0142(12)0.3234(8)   0.049(5) 3.4 O12 0.097(3) −0.1608(13)   0.3214(9)   0.059(6)4.4 C5 0.115(4) −0.0302(16)   0.3801(11) 0.030(7) 5.9 C6 −0.107(4)−0.0310(18)   0.3814(13) 0.041(8) 3.4 C7 0.189(4) −0.1187(18)  0.3784(13) 0.042(7) 4.4 C8 0.403(4) −0.1191(19)   0.3748(13) 0.040(7)4.8 O13 0.634(3) 0.4395(13) 0.4448(9)   0.059(6) 4.9 O14 0.452(3)0.0974(12) 0.4304(8)   0.057(5) 3.3 N1 0.486(3) 0.1009(15) 0.2961(10)0.052(6) 4.6 N2 0.763(4) 0.1234(17) 0.4620(11) 0.057(7) 6.9 N3 0.559(4)0.1768(19) 0.6021(13) 0.076(8) 3.6 C9 0.606(5) 0.1640(18) 0.3445(13)0.053(8) 3.2 C10 0.958(5) 0.147(2) 0.4544(15) 0.068(10) 2.9 C11 1.033(4)0.210(2) 0.5087(14) 0.063(9) 2.4 C12 1.080(4) 0.1200(18) 0.5191(12)0.046(8) 2.3 C13 0.752(4) 0.087(2) 0.5297(12) 0.049(8) 2.0 C14 0.968(4)0.075(2) 0.5602(14) 0.071(10) 2. C15 0.644(5) 0.142(3) 0.5691(18)0.084(11) 2.4 C16 0.525(4) 0.2501(18) 0.3385(12) 0.041(8) 4.2 C170.606(4) 0.1210(19) 0.4158(13) 0.050(8) 5.5 C18 0.323(4) 0.388(2)0.3912(12) 0.051(8) 5.0 C19 0.263(5) 0.373(2) 0.2653(15) 0.071(10) 3.2C20 0.614(5) 0.3044(19) 0.3967(14) 0.053(8) 3.4 C21 0.538(4) 0.3916(18)0.3909(12) 0.041(8) 5.0 C22 0.579(5) 0.426(2) 0.3224(15) 0.080(11) 7.7C23 0.298(4) 0.2497(19) 0.3384(14) 0.051(8) 2.3 C24 0.226(5) 0.338(2)0.3301(16) 0.077(11) 4.7 C25 0.568(5) 0.285(2) 0.2680(17) 0.083(11) 2.7C26 0.474(4) 0.375(2) 0.2626(14) 0.055(8) 3.8 O15 0.095(5) −0.450(2)  0.0391(14) 0.062(10) 4.2 .6 O16 0.051(3) −0.1146(13)   0.0560(9)0.062(6) 1.9 N4 0.242(3) −0.1155(16)   0.1928(10) 0.052(6) 4.8 N50.335(4) −0.1342(15)   0.0278(12) 0.056(7) 2.6 N6 0.103(5) −0.189(2)  −0.1309(16)   0.102(10) 6.4 C27 0.086(5) −0.398(2)   0.0957(15)0.071(10) 6.0 C28 0.186(5) −0.311(2)   0.0869(15) 0.069(10) 3. C290.279(5) −0.178(2)   0.1398(14) 0.067(10) 5.1 C30 0.287(4) −0.3039(18)  0.2132(13) 0.050(8) 4.7 C31 −0.103(7) −0.333(3)   0.171(2) 0.105(14) 3.0C32 0.198(5) −0.438(3)   0.1584(15) 0.083(11) 3.3 C33 0.182(4)−0.389(2)   0.2236(14) 0.056(9) 7.0 C34 −0.020(4) −0.378(2)   0.2325(14)0.068(10) 7.0 C35 0.284(5) −0.090(2)   −0.0396(15)   0.068(9) 2.8 C360.475(5) −0.064(2)   −0.0633(15)   0.067(10) 4.0 C37 0.538(5)−0.152(2)   0.0329(15) 0.066(10) 49 C38 0.616(5) −0.115(3)  −0.0287(16)   0.084(11) 5.1 C39 0.173(6) −0.146(3)   −0.0887(19)  0.090(12) 3.9 C40 0.600(6) −0.207(3)   −0.0265(18)   0.092(12) 7.2 C41−0.039(4) −0.2497(18)   0.1573(13) 0.042(7) 7.7 C42 0.180(3)−0.2611(17)   0.1499(12) 0.035(7) 6.2 C43 −0.121(5) −0.388(3)  0.1049(17) 0.085(11) 2.7 C44 0.222(5) −0.1390(19)   0.0710(14) 0.051(9)2.7 O17 −0.244(3) −0.2368(14)   0.3270(10) 0.078(7) 6.8 O18 −0.264(7)−0.325(3)   0.1782(19) 0.042(12) 4.5 .4 *Occupancy is 1 unless otherwiseindicated.

Unit cell parameters of trihydrate of the ammonium sulfate salt ofsaxagliptin free base form H3-1 are substantially equal to the followingas listed in Table 19:

TABLE 19 Cell Dimensions for Single Crystal of NH₄SO₄ Salt Form H3-1 a(Å) 31.671(1) b (Å)  6.685(1) c (Å) 11.394(1) α° 90 β° 103.15(1) γ° 90Space group C2 Molecules/asymmetric unit  1wherein said crystalline form is at about −50° C.;and characterized by the positional parameters substantially as listedin Table 20:

TABLE 20 Parameters and their Estimated Standard Deviations forSaxagliptin NH₄SO₄ Form H3-1 at −50° C. Atom x y z B(iso) S1 0.48811(6) 0.3495(2) 0.71956(15) 2.8 O1 0.37298(13) 0.0587(7) −0.0036(4)  4.4 O20.38873(14) −0.0239(7)  0.5967(4) 3.9 O3 0.49478(17) 0.1651(7) 0.6557(4)5.0 O4 0.45477(17) 0.4694(8) 0.6446(5) 6.9 O5 0.52806(17) 0.4600(8)0.7518(5) 7.9 O6 0.4767(2) 0.2863(9) 0.8300(5) 8.8 O7 0.43992(19)−0.3342(7)  0.4236(5) 6.1 O8 0.43945(18) 0.7829(7) 1.0075(5) 6.9 O90.43281(14) 0.3651(9) 0.9999(4) 5.3 N1 0.35771(16) 0.2771(7) 0.6000(5)2.9 N2 0.2768(2)  0.0354(11) 0.6943(6) 6.7 N3 0.43534(15) 0.0810(7)0.4449(4) 2.9 N4 0.47367(19)  0.8340(10) 0.8042(5) 5.7 C1 0.39311(19)0.1889(9) 0.4328(6) 2.7 C2 0.3482(2)  0.2353(10) 0.7169(6) 2.8 C30.32530(19) 0.2964(9) 0.2863(6) 3.3 C4 0.3041(2)  0.5539(11) 0.5618(6)4.2 C5 0.3506(2)  0.0743(10) 0.0934(6) 3.1 C6 0.3597(2) 0.1319(8)0.3154(6) 2.4 C7 0.3173(2)  0.2404(10) 0.0653(6) 3.6 C8 0.3821(2)0.1174(9) 0.2102(5) 2.8 C9 0.3791(2)  0.1399(11) 0.5496(6) 3.1 C100.3497(2) 0.4856(9) 0.5662(7) 3.8 C11 0.3449(2) 0.4406(9) 0.7740(6) 3.7C12 0.3048(2) −0.1103(11) 0.2046(6) 4.1 C13 0.2928(2)  0.2536(11)0.1676(7) 4.3 C14 0.3394(2)  0.5875(10) 0.6724(7) 3.9 C15 0.2707(2) 0.0546(12) 0.1789(7) 5.4 C16 0.3284(2) −0.1233(11) 0.1026(6) 4.2 C170.3369(2) −0.0659(10) 0.3243(6) 3.8 C18 0.3080(3)  0.1218(11) 0.7017(7)4.1

Unit cell parameters of the nitrate salt of saxagliptin free base formN-1 are substantially equal to the following as listed in Table 21:

TABLE 21 Cell Dimensions for Single Crystal of NO₃ Salt Form N-1 a (Å)20.615(1) b (Å) 25.214(1) c (Å)  7.034(1) α° 90 β° 90 γ° 90 Space groupP2₁2₁2₁ Molecules/asymmetric unit  2wherein said crystalline form is at about +22° C.;and characterized by the positional parameters substantially as listedin Table 22:

TABLE 22 Positional Parameters and their Estimated Standard Deviationsfor Saxagliptin NO₃ Salt Form N-1 at rt Atom x y z B(iso) Occupancy* O80.3665(3) 0.6025(3) 0.1025(8) 2.7 O12 0.2122(9) 0.7856(8) −0.301(2) 3.0.4 O17 0.2394(6) 0.7652(5)  0.3142(14) 2.8 .6 N1 0.3828(4) 0.6346(4)−0.1931(9)  1.6 N6 0.4655(8) 0.7313(7)  0.031(2) 9.4 N9 0.2500(4)0.5613(4)  0.0288(10) 2.9 C2 0.4519(6) 0.6435(5) −0.1547(13) 2.6 C30.4850(6) 0.6487(6) −0.3496(14) 4.1 C4 0.4316(6) 0.6507(5) −0.4947(15)3.4 C5 0.3666(5) 0.6403(5) −0.3933(13) 3.0 C6 0.4581(7) 0.6922(7)−0.0510(17) 4.1 C7 0.3823(6) 0.6925(6) −0.4764(17) 4.0 C8 0.3450(5)0.6137(5) −0.0558(16) 2.8 C9 0.2721(5) 0.6079(4) −0.0924(12) 2.4 C100.2322(5) 0.6582(4) −0.0512(12) 1.8 C11 0.2401(6) 0.6986(5) −0.2182(14)3.4 C12 0.1990(7) 0.7473(6) −0.1856(17) 5.1 C13 0.1284(6) 0.7335(6)−0.1676(15) 3.9 C14 0.1191(6) 0.6967(5)  0.0006(15) 4.3 C15 0.1584(5)0.6464(5) −0.0330(15) 2.9 C16 0.2557(5) 0.6873(5)  0.1310(13) 2.7 C170.2148(6) 0.7392(5)  0.1579(14) 3.7 C18 0.1433(6) 0.7233(6)  0.1807(15)3.6 C19 0.2228(7) 0.7754(6)  0.0000(17) 5.3 O38 0.55437(11) 0.56464(11)0.0297(3) 2.9 O42 0.70684(11) 0.37772(11) 0.2278(3) 5.4 N31 0.59216(11)0.55956(11) 0.3267(3) 1.9 N36 0.72993(11) 0.57610(11) 0.0735(3) 4.5 N390.44852(11) 0.50578(11) 0.1143(3) 2.3 C32 0.63616(11) 0.60331(11)0.2963(3) 2.5 C33 0.66017(11) 0.62226(11) 0.4935(3) 2.7 C34 0.64334(11)0.57436(11) 0.6213(3) 2.7 C35 0.59818(11) 0.53819(11) 0.5216(3) 2.2 C360.68942(11) 0.58887(11) 0.1730(3) 3.2 C37 0.66793(11) 0.52355(11)0.5756(3) 3.0 C38 0.55466(11) 0.54298(11) 0.1871(3) 2.0 C39 0.51353(11)0.49436(11) 0.2101(3) 2.2 C40 0.54263(11) 0.44157(11) 0.1442(3) 2.3 C410.61409(11) 0.43535(11) 0.2185(3) 2.2 C42 0.64150(11) 0.38343(11)0.1577(3) 3.9 C43 0.60269(11) 0.33743(11) 0.2334(3) 4.2 C44 0.53162(11)0.33921(11) 0.1638(3) 7.0 C45 0.50174(11) 0.39585(11) 0.2228(3) 4.1 C460.64441(11) 0.38193(11) −0.0569(3)  3.3 C47 0.57635(11) 0.38669(11)−0.1324(3)  4.1 C48 0.54676(11) 0.43804(11) −0.0778(3) 4.3 C490.53618(11) 0.34465(11) −0.0638(3)  6.2 O86 0.2597(4) 0.4249(4)−0.0703(9)  4.2 O87 0.3634(5) 0.4048(5) −0.0721(13) 6.0 O88 0.3255(3)0.4597(4)  0.1317(10) 2.9 N89 0.3167(6) 0.4283(5) −0.0074(15) 3.3 O960.4477(4) 0.5205(3) −0.3048(8)  3.0 O97 0.3452(3) 0.5124(3) −0.2451(9) 3.3 O98 0.3827(4) 0.4882(4) −0.5147(9)  4.4 N99 0.3911(5) 0.5066(4)−0.3563(13) 3.3 *Occupancy is 1. unless otherwise indicated.

Unit cell parameters of the tetrahydrate of saxagliptin fumarate (2:1)salt of the free base form H4-1 are substantially equal to the followingas listed in Table 23:

TABLE 23 Cell Dimensions for Single Crystal of Fumarate Salt Form H4-1 a(Å) 11.429(1) b (Å) 26.979(2) c (Å)  6.803(2) α° 90 β°  90.32(2) γ° 90Space group P2₁ Molecules/asymmetric unit  2wherein said crystalline form is at about +22° C.;and characterized by the positional parameters substantially as listedin Table 24:

TABLE 24 Positional Parameters and their Estimated Standard Deviationsfor (2:1) Saxagliptin Fumarate Salt (4 equiv. H₂O) Form H4-1 at +22° C.Atom x y z B(iso) O2 0.923(1) −0.0925(5) 1.116(2) 3.1(3) O3 0.332(1)−0.0867(5) 1.237(2) 3.2(3) O8 0.184(1) −0.0070(5) 0.526(2) 3.8(3) O90.160(1)  0.0090(5) 0.843(2) 4.5(3) O10 0.618(1) −0.0018(5) 0.466(2)2.9(3) O11 0.593(1)  0.0232(5) 0.772(2) 3.3(3) O20 0.803(1)  0.0495(5)0.943(2) 4.0(3) O30 0.284(1)  0.0269(5) 1.178(2) 3.2(3) O32 −0.360(1) 0.1133(5) 0.254(2) 3.9(3) O31 0.234(1)  0.1184(6) 0.395(2) 5.9(4) O40−0.054(1) −0.0247(6) 0.820(2) 4.6(3) O50 −0.033(1) −0.0243(5) 0.410(2)3.9(3) N1 0.305(1) −0.1155(5) 0.927(2) 2.0(3) N2 0.164(2) −0.2076(8)1.170(3) 6.4(5) N4 0.503(1) −0.0214(6) 1.108(2) 2.3(3) N31 −0.385(1) 0.1403(6) 0.559(2) 2.7(3) N32 −0.522(2)  0.2368(8) 0.329(3) 6.9(6) N33−0.193(1)  0.0526(6) 0.355(2) 2.5(3) C2 0.336(2) −0.1246(7) 0.723(3)2.7(4) C3 0.220(2) −0.1381(7) 0.626(3) 2.9(5) C4 0.125(2) −0.1315(8)0.771(3) 3.3(5) C5 0.185(2) −0.1268(8) 0.970(3) 3.2(5) C6 0.310(2)−0.1768(8) 0.666(3) 3.2(5) C7 0.177(2) −0.1720(8) 1.089(3) 4.1(5) C80.374(2) −0.0907(7) 1.073(3) 3.0(4) C9 0.493(2) −0.0739(6) 1.020(3)1.8(4) C10 0.590(2) −0.1106(7) 1.081(3) 3.1(5) C11 0.597(2) −0.1524(7)0.941(3) 2.6(4) C12 0.699(2) −0.1900(8) 0.996(3) 3.6(5) C13 0.681(2)−0.2062(9) 1.198(3) 4.7(6) C14 0.681(2) −0.1661(8) 1.344(3) 4.1(5) C150.796(2) −0.1373(8) 1.328(3) 3.9(5) C16 0.811(2) −0.1184(7) 1.128(3)2.7(4) C17 0.713(2) −0.0821(7) 1.067(2) 2.1(4) C18 0.811(2) −0.1603(8)0.977(3) 3.9(5) C19 0.582(2) −0.1290(8) 1.297(3) 3.6(5) C32 −0.354(2) 0.1493(7) 0.766(3) 2.9(4) C33 −0.466(2)  0.1630(8) 0.864(3) 4.1(5) C341−0.568(2)  0.1563(8) 0.710(3) 3.7(5) C34 −0.5700 0.1563 0.7110 3 C351−0.507(2)  0.1542(8) 0.518(3) 3.2(4) C35 −0.5069 0.1539 0.5178 3 C361−0.517(2)  0.1995(8) 0.405(3) 4.1(5) C36 −0.5172 0.1992 0.4063 4 C37−0.006(2)  0.234(1) 0.310(4) 6.7(7) C37 −0.0060 0.2345 0.3081 6 C380.007(2)  0.2149(9) 0.521(4) 5.3(6) C38 0.0067 0.2146 0.5231 5 C39−0.196(2)  0.1000(7) 0.468(3) 2.1(4) C39 −0.1949 0.1001 0.4684 2 C400.124(2)  0.1446(8) 0.376(3) 3.7(5) C41 0.024(2)  0.1076(7) 0.421(3)2.7(4) C42 0.112(2)  0.1639(8) 0.177(3) 4.5(5) C43 −0.094(2)  0.1790(9)0.554(3) 4.6(5) C50 0.221(2)  0.0080(7) 0.688(3) 3.3(5) C51 0.350(1) 0.0171(7) 0.704(2) 1.8(4) C52 0.426(1) −0.0019(7) 0.596(2) 1.6(4) C530.556(2)  0.0043(7) 0.609(3) 3.2(5)

Unit cell parameters of the trifluoroacetate salt of saxagliptin freebase form N-1 are substantially equal to the following as listed inTable 25:

TABLE 25 Cell Dimensions for Single Crystal of TFA Salt Form N-1 a (Å)11.631(2) b (Å)  6.599(1) c (Å) 13.838(1) α° 90 β° 104.24(1) γ° 90 Spacegroup P2₁ Molecules/asymmetric unit  1wherein said crystalline form is at about 22° C.;and characterized by the positional parameters substantially as listedin Table 26:

TABLE 26 Positional Parameters and their Estimated Standard Deviationsfor Saxagliptin TFA Salt Form N-1 at +22° C. Occu- Atom x y z B(iso)pancy* F1 0.405(4) 0.467(9) 0.447(3) 12. 0.70 F2 0.421(3)   0.448(13)0.606(3) 10.8 0.70 F3 0.381(3) 0.703(5) 0.525(4) 16. 0.70 F4 0.419(8)0.537(8) 0.647(6) 3.8 0.30 F5 0.409(7)  0.55(2) 0.484(8) 4.7 0.30 F60.397(4) 0.289(7) 0.535(4) 4.6 0.30 O3 −0.2377(13)   0.6123(19)−0.0322(11)   10.0 O12 −0.0227(9)    0.8792(18) 0.3590(8)  4.2 O2210.1774(12) 0.633(2) 0.5200(8)  5.3 O222 0.1830(12) 0.317(2) 0.4768(9) 5.9 N1 −0.0760(10)   0.5072(19) 0.4301(9)  3.3 N13 0.1088(16) 0.730(2)0.2863(11) 4.3 N20 0.029(2) 1.120(3) 0.1287(16) 7.0 C1 −0.1808(16)  0.522(3) 0.2446(11) 3.0 C2I −0.1521(15)   0.574(2) 0.1440(13) 3.3 C3−0.2619(19)   0.561(3) 0.0619(13) 4.5 C4I −0.3561(16)   0.714(2)0.0778(14) 5.2 C5I −0.387(2)   0.663(3) 0.1746(16) 4.0 C6I −0.4361(18)  0.444(3) 0.1727(13) 4.5 C7I −0.345(2)   0.303(3) 0.1514(14) 4.3 C8I−0.2358(18)   0.307(2) 0.2358(15) 3.2 C9I −0.2761(19)   0.678(2)0.2570(16) 3.1 C10I −0.3110(15)   0.351(3) 0.0569(15) 3.8 C11I−0.0626(16)   0.533(2) 0.3227(14) 3.2 C12 0.011(2) 0.722(3) 0.3262(12)3.6 C14I 0.1629(19) 0.566(3) 0.2483(15) 5.2 C15I 0.277(2) 0.657(3)0.2280(17) 5.4 C16I 0.2881(16) 0.863(4) 0.2591(15) 7.0 C17I 0.164(2)0.927(3) 0.2796(14) 4.7 C18I 0.1736(18) 0.599(2) 0.1422(14) 6.7 C190.089(2) 1.039(4) 0.1957(19) 4.4 C222 0.232(2) 0.478(4) 0.5081(14) 4.8C223 0.366(3) 0.492(7) 0.530(5) 9.9 *Occupancy is 1 unless otherwiseindicated.

Unit cell parameters of the dihydrate of the trifluoroacetate salt ofsaxagliptin free base form H2-2 are substantially equal to the followingas listed in Table 27:

TABLE 27 Cell Dimensions for Single Crystal of TFA Salt Form H2-2 a(Å)11.935(2) b(Å)  7.665(2) c(Å) 13.386(1) α°  90 β° 114.61(1) γ°  90 Spacegroup P₂ ₁ Molecules/asymmetric unit  1wherein said crystalline form is at about 22° C.;and characterized by the positional parameters substantially as listedin Table 28:

TABLE 28 Table of Positional Parameters and their Estimated StandardDeviations for Saxagliptin TFA Salt (2 equiv. H₂O) Form H2-2 at rt Atomx y z B(iso) Occupancy* F34 0.0501(9) 0.212(2) 0.2248(8) 9.3(2) .5 F350.0360(7) 0.156(1) 0.3866(6) 7.4(2) .5 F36  0.083(1) −0.040(2)  0.2958(9) 5.0(2) .25 F37  0.066(1) 0.005(2)  0.256(1) 6.5(3) .25 F38 0.026(1) 0.275(2)  0.256(1) 5.8(3) .25 F39  0.056(2) 0.053(4)  0.401(2)11.1(5) .25 F40  0.078(2) 0.128(4)  0.197(2) 11.7(5) .25 F41  0.073(1)−0.036(3)    0.326(1) 7.8(3) .25 F42  0.017(2) 0.220(3)  0.337(1)14.9(5) .5 O2 0.1952(5) 0.004(1) 0.6707(6) 3.8(2) O10 0.5602(5)0.1994(9)  0.6059(4) 2.3(1) O30 0.3073(5) 0.062(1) 0.3994(5) 3.0(1) O320.2513(5) 0.3359(9)  0.4180(4) 2.4(1) O98 0.0651(7) 0.568(1) 0.4256(8)6.1(3) O99 0.2838(6) 0.799(1) 0.5441(5) 3.6(1) N1 0.7053(5) 0.2515(9) 0.7757(5) 1.6(1) N2 0.4548(5) 0.512(1) 0.5880(5) 1.7(1) N8  0.694(1)−0.183(1)   0.8269(7) 5.4(2) C2 0.7751(7) 0.100(1) 0.7695(7) 2.3(2) C30.9109(7) 0.136(1) 0.8501(7) 3.0(2) C4 0.9056(7) 0.288(2) 0.9179(7)2.9(2) C5 0.7780(7) 0.360(1) 0.8703(6) 2.4(2) C6 0.8251(8) 0.269(2)0.9794(6) 3.6(2) C7 0.7276(8) −0.059(1)   0.8024(7) 3.0(2) C9 0.5973(6)0.288(1) 0.6903(6) 1.7(2) C11 0.5185(6) 0.435(1) 0.7021(5) 1.4(1) C130.4264(6) 0.369(1) 0.7470(6) 1.6(1) C14 0.4991(6) 0.314(1) 0.8678(6)2.2(2) C15 0.4098(7) 0.253(2) 0.9183(6) 3.1(2) C16 0.3345(7) 0.096(1)0.8507(7) 3.3(2) C17 0.2618(7) 0.152(1) 0.7325(6) 2.3(2) C18 0.1762(7)0.300(1) 0.7272(7) 2.7(2) C19 0.2490(7) 0.456(1) 0.7921(6) 2.6(2) C200.3383(7) 0.517(1) 0.7443(6) 2.2(2) C21 0.3506(7) 0.211(1) 0.6837(6)2.0(2) C22 0.3219(7) 0.401(2) 0.9127(6) 3.2(2) C31 0.2326(7) 0.184(1)0.3851(6) 2.2(2) C33 0.0982(7) 0.133(1) 0.3228(7) 2.9(2) *Occupancy is 1unless otherwise indicated.

Unit cell parameters of the hemihydrate of the trifluoroacetate salt ofsaxagliptin free base form H0.5-1 are substantially equal to thefollowing as listed in Table 29:

TABLE 29 Cell Dimensions for Single Crystal of TFA Salt Form H0.5-1Temperature ° C. +22 −50 a(Å) 22.266(3) 22.3403(6) b(Å) 25.318(3)25.1636(7) c(Å)  7.012(1)  6.9951(2) α°  90   90 β°  90   90 γ°  90   90Space group P2₁2₁2 P2₁2₁2 Molecules/asymmetric unit  2   2and characterized by the positional parameters substantially as listedin Table 30:

TABLE 30 Positional Parameters and their Estimated Standard Deviationsfor Saxagliptin Hemi TFA Salt (0.5 equiv. H₂O) Form H.5-1 at −50° C.Atom x y z B(iso) F1 −0.0054 0.4187 1.0399 5.2 F2 −0.0103 0.4083 1.28635.2 F3 0.0449 0.3562 1.1295 5.2 O8 0.2064 0.5418 0.6621 4.5 O12 0.43080.5433 0.6973 2.6 O38 0.2316 0.4085 0.7647 4.0 O42 0.4487 0.4369 0.71563.5 O100 0.1098 0.4733 1.0214 10.3 O101 0.1020 0.4350 1.3198 13.2 O2000.0611 0.4838 0.6754 25.8 N1 0.1538 0.6055 0.8051 2.8 N6 0.1984 0.66810.3934 8.0 N9 0.2210 0.4941 1.0046 2.9 N31 0.1779 0.3437 0.6240 3.5 N360.2222 0.2849 1.0434 7.0 N39 0.2366 0.4552 0.3908 2.8 C2 0.1246 0.61790.6338 4.4 C3 0.0705 0.6586 0.6860 6.6 C4 0.0881 0.6790 0.9000 4.9 C50.1421 0.6397 0.9679 4.2 C6 0.1669 0.6481 0.5157 6.2 C7 0.1494 0.69820.9223 5.7 C8 0.1920 0.5676 0.7945 4.4 C9 0.2261 0.5544 0.9914 3.2 C100.2950 0.5698 0.9951 3.5 C11 0.3321 0.5453 0.8357 2.9 C12 0.3985 0.56750.8466 1.7 C13 0.4261 0.5540 1.0280 3.5 C14 0.3888 0.5815 1.1884 3.1 C150.3229 0.5628 1.1975 3.1 C16 0.3857 0.6436 1.1669 5.8 C17 0.3590 0.65650.9659 4.0 C18 0.2989 0.6347 0.9521 2.8 C19 0.4009 0.6267 0.8094 3.3 C320.1467 0.3299 0.8027 2.6 C33 0.0992 0.2926 0.7383 4.9 C34 0.1139 0.27210.5498 4.5 C35 0.1619 0.3098 0.4631 5.4 C36 0.1896 0.3029 0.9219 5.3 C370.1727 0.2490 0.5188 5.5 C38 0.2192 0.3844 0.6192 4.0 C39 0.2457 0.39990.4236 3.3 C40 0.3190 0.3845 0.4300 3.3 C41 0.3541 0.4182 0.5696 3.4 C420.4188 0.4033 0.5635 2.3 C43 0.4425 0.4167 0.3744 4.7 C44 0.4092 0.37790.2268 4.3 C45 0.3429 0.3965 0.2286 2.9 C46 0.4124 0.3236 0.2791 4.5 C470.3899 0.3122 0.4578 5.1 C48 0.3238 0.3224 0.4743 3.5 C49 0.4279 0.34440.6266 2.4 C100 0.0907 0.4446 1.1468 22.7 C101 0.0390 0.4064 1.1122 20.6

Unit cell parameters of the hydrated saxagliptin H1 salt, which is theH2-1 form, containing 2 equiv. H₂O are substantially equal to thefollowing as listed in Table 31:

TABLE 31 Cell Dimensions for Single Crystal of HI Salt Form H2-1Temperature ° C. (at −20° C.) a(Å) 11.267(1)  b(Å) 7.006(4) c(Å)13.22(2) α° 90 β° 93.96(9) γ° 90 Space group P2₁ Molecules/asymmetricunit  1

Unit cell parameters of the monohydrate benzoate salt of saxagliptinfree base form H-1 containing 1 equiv. H₂O are substantially equal tothe following as listed in Table 32:

TABLE 32 Cell Dimensions of Saxagliptin Benzoate Form H-1 from SingleCrystal Temperature ° C. at −40° C. at +22° C. a(Å)  6.4065(2) 6.4316(2) b(Å) 16.9843(4) 17.0611(4) c(Å) 21.2504(5) 21.3010(5) α°  90 90 β°  90  90 γ°  90  90 Space group P2₁2₁2₁ P2₁2₁2₁Molecules/asymmetric unit   1   1and characterized by the positional parameters substantially as listedin Table 33:

TABLE 33 Fractional Coordinates and their Estimated Standard Deviationsfor Saxagliptin Benzoate (1 equiv. H₂O) Form H-1 at rt Atom x y z B(iso)O12 0.4867(5) −0.1695(1)  0.4950(1) 5. O8 0.1654(4) 0.1369(1) 0.4802(1)3.2 O20 0.7617(4) 0.2501(1) 0.3904(1) 3.9 O21 0.4326(4) 0.2753(1)0.4145(1) 3.6 O99 0.0995(4) −0.1969(1)  0.4406(1) 5.7 N1 0.3221(5)0.0971(1) 0.3920(1) 3.0 N6 −0.0524(6)  −0.0404(2)  0.3893(2) 6.1 N90.5479(5) 0.1930(1) 0.5227(1) 2.6 C2 0.1191(6) 0.0938(2) 0.3602(1) 3.4C3  0.1718((7) 0.0991(2) 0.2894(2) 4.6 C4 0.3987(7) 0.0799(3) 0.2837(2)4.6 C5 0.4926(6) 0.0817(2) 0.3489(1) 3.5 C6 0.0200(7) 0.0182(3)0.3765(2) 4.0 C7 0.4790(7) 0.0058(2) 0.3130(2) 5.1 C8 0.3259(6)0.1183(2) 0.4529(1) 2.6 C9 0.5322(6) 0.1162(2) 0.4883(1) 2.5 C100.5460(5) 0.0447(2) 0.5326(2) 2.7 C11 0.5009(6) −0.0306(2)  0.4941(2)3.1 C12 0.5283(6) −0.1031(2)  0.5350(2) 3.5 C13 0.7502(6) −0.1071(1) 0.5611(2) 3.7 C14 0.7918(5) −0.0340(2)  0.6004(2) 3.4 C15 0.7698(5)0.0396(2) 0.5591(2) 3.0 C16 0.3914(5) 0.0480(2) 0.5880(1) 3.3 C170.4155(6) −0.0260(2)  0.6287(2) 3.5 C18 0.6387(6) −0.0303(2)  0.6549(1)3.8 C19 0.3732(6) −0.1004(2)  0.5892(1) 3.9 C20 0.5796(7) 0.2698(2)0.3758(2) 3.1 C22 0.5287(7) 0.2832(2) 0.3073(1) 3.4 C23 0.6836(7)0.2728(2) 0.2632(1) 5.1 C24  0.639(1) 0.2806(3) 0.1992(2) 6.8 C25 0.439(1) 0.2993(3) 0.1804(1) 7.5 C26  0.284(1) 0.3108(3) 0.2249(1) 6.6C27  0.329(1) 0.3023(3) 0.2885(1) 4.7

Utilities and Combinations A. Utilities

The compounds of the present invention possess activity as an inhibitorof dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4), and therefore may be used in thetreatment of diseases or disorders associated with DPP4 activity.

Accordingly, a compound of the present invention can be administered tomammals, preferably humans, for the treatment of a variety of conditionsand disorders, including, but not limited to, treating or delaying theprogression or onset of diabetes (including Type I and Type II, impairedglucose tolerance, insulin resistance, and diabetic complications, suchas nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy and cataracts), hyperglycemia,hyperinsulinemia, hypercholesterolemia, dyslipidemia, elevated bloodlevels of free fatty acids or glycerol, hyperlipidemia,hypertriglyceridemia, obesity, wound healing, tissue ischemia,atherosclerosis and hypertension. The compound of the present inventionmay also be utilized to increase the blood levels of high densitylipoprotein (HDL).

In addition, the conditions, diseases, and maladies collectivelyreferenced to as “Syndrome X” or Metabolic Syndrome as detailed inJohannsson, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 82:727-734 (1997), may betreated employing the compound of the present invention.

The crystalline saxagliptin salts, hydrates, solvates and the free basethereof of the invention may be administered in dosage forms and indosages as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,395,767, the disclosure of whichin its entirety is incorporated herein by reference.

B. Combinations

The present invention includes within its scope pharmaceuticalcompositions comprising, as an active ingredient, a therapeuticallyeffective amount of a compound of formula I, alone or in combinationwith a pharmaceutical carrier or diluent. Optionally, the compound ofthe present invention can be utilized as an individual treatment, orutilized in combination with one or more other therapeutic agent(s).

Other “therapeutic agent(s)” suitable for combination with the compoundof the present invention include, but are not limited to, knowntherapeutic agents useful in the treatment of the aforementioneddisorders including: anti-diabetic agents; anti-hyperglycemic agents;hypolipidemic/lipid lowering agents; anti-obesity agents;anti-hypertensive agents and appetite suppressants.

Examples of suitable anti-diabetic agents for use in combination withthe compound of the present invention include DPP4 inhibitors (e.g.,vildagliptin or sitagliptin), biguanides (e.g., metformin orphenformin), glucosidase inhibitors (e.g., acarbose or miglitol),insulins (including insulin secretagogues or insulin sensitizers),meglitinides (e.g., repaglinide), sulfonylureas (e.g., glimepiride,glyburide, gliclazide, chlorpropamide and glipizide),biguanide/glyburide combinations (e.g., Glucovance®), thiazolidinediones(e.g., troglitazone, rosiglitazone and pioglitazone), PPAR-alphaagonists, PPAR-gamma agonists, PPAR alpha/gamma dual agonists, glycogenphosphorylase inhibitors, inhibitors of fatty acid binding protein(aP2), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) or other agonists of the GLP-1receptor, and dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP4) inhibitors and SGLT-2inhibitors.

It is believed that the use of the compound of formula I in combinationwith at least one or more other antidiabetic agent(s) providesantihyperglycemic results greater than that possible from each of thesemedicaments alone and greater than the combined additiveanti-hyperglycemic effects produced by these medicaments.

Other suitable thiazolidinediones include Mitsubishi's MCC-555(disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,594,016), Glaxo-Wellcome's faraglitazar(GI-262570), englitazone (CP-68722, Pfizer) or darglitazone (CP-86325,Pfizer, isaglitazone (MIT/J&J), reglitazar (JTT-501) (JPNT/P&U),rivoglitazone (R-119702) (Sankyo/WL), liraglutide (N,N-2344) (Dr.Reddy/NN), or(Z)-1,4-bis-4-[(3,5-dioxo-1,2,4-oxadiazolidin-2-yl-methyl)]phenoxybut-2-ene(YM-440, Yamanouchi).

Examples of PPAR-alpha agonists, PPAR-gamma agonists and PPARalpha/gamma dual agonists include muraglitazar, peliglitazar,tesaglitazar AR-H039242 Astra/Zeneca, GW-501516 (Glaxo-Wellcome), KRP297(Kyorin Merck) as well as those disclosed by Murakami et al., “A NovelInsulin Sensitizer Acts As a Coligand for PeroxisomeProliferation—Activated Receptor Alpha (PPAR alpha) and PPAR gamma.Effect on PPAR alpha Activation on Abnormal Lipid Metabolism in Liver ofZucker Fatty Rats”, Diabetes, 47:1841-1847 (1998), WO 01/21602 and inU.S. Pat. No. 6,653,314, the disclosure of which is incorporated hereinby reference, employing dosages as set out therein, which compoundsdesignated as preferred are preferred for use herein.

Suitable aP2 inhibitors include those disclosed in U.S. application Ser.No. 09/391,053, filed Sep. 7, 1999, and in U.S. application Ser. No.09/519,079, filed Mar. 6, 2000, employing dosages as set out herein.

Suitable DPP4 inhibitors include vildagliptin, sitagliptin, thosedisclosed in WO99/38501, WO99/46272, WO99/67279 (PROBIODRUG), WO99/67278(PROBIODRUG), WO99/61431 (PROBIODRUG), NVP-DPP728A(1-[[[2-[(5-cyanopyridin-2-yl)amino]ethyl]amino]acetyl]-2-cyano-(S)-pyrrolidine)(Novartis) as disclosed by Hughes et al., Biochemistry,38(36):11597-11603 (1999), TSL-225(tryptophyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid (disclosedby Yamada et al., Bioorg. & Med. Chem. Lett., 8:1537-1540 (1998)),2-cyanopyrrolidides and 4-cyanopyrrolidides, as disclosed by Ashworth etal., Bioorg. & Med. Chem. Lett., 6(22): 1163-1166 and 2745-2748 (1996),the compounds disclosed in U.S. application Ser. No. 10/899,641, WO01/68603 and U.S. Pat. No. 6,395,767, employing dosages as set out inthe above references.

Other suitable meglitinides include nateglinide (Novartis) or KAD1229(PF/Kissei).

Suitable SGLT-2 inhibitors for use in combination with the compounds ofthe invention are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,414,126 and 6,515,117and include dapagliflozin.

Examples of suitable anti-hyperglycemic agents for use in combinationwith the compound of the present invention include glucagon-likepeptide-1 (GLP-1) such as GLP-1(1-36) amide, GLP-1(7-36) amide,GLP-1(7-37) (as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,614,492), as well asexenatide (Amylin/Lilly), LY-315902 (Lilly), MK-0431 (Merck),liraglutide (NovoNordisk), ZP-10 (Zealand Pharmaceuticals A/S), CJC-1131(Conjuchem Inc), and the compounds disclosed in WO 03/033671.

Examples of suitable hypolipidemic/lipid lowering agents for use incombination with the compound of the present invention include one ormore MTP inhibitors, HMG CoA reductase inhibitors, squalene synthetaseinhibitors, fibric acid derivatives, ACAT inhibitors, lipoxygenaseinhibitors, cholesterol absorption inhibitors, ileal Na⁺/bile acidco-transporter inhibitors, up-regulators of LDL receptor activity, bileacid sequestrants, cholesterol ester transfer protein (e.g., CETPinhibitors, such as subutramine, tetrahydrolipostatin, dexfenfluramine,axokine, torcetrapib (CP-529414, Pfizer) and JTT-705 (Akros Pharma)),PPAR agonists (as described above) and/or nicotinic acid and derivativesthereof.

MTP inhibitors which may be employed as described above include thosedisclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,595,872, U.S. Pat. No. 5,739,135, U.S. Pat.No. 5,712,279, U.S. Pat. No. 5,760,246, U.S. Pat. No. 5,827,875, U.S.Pat. No. 5,885,983 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,962,440.

The HMG CoA reductase inhibitors which may be employed in combinationwith one or more compound of formula I include mevastatin and relatedcompounds, as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,983,140, lovastatin(mevinolin) and related compounds, as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No.4,231,938, pravastatin and related compounds, such as disclosed in U.S.Pat. No. 4,346,227, simvastatin and related compounds, as disclosed inU.S. Pat. Nos. 4,448,784 and 4,450,171. Other HMG CoA reductaseinhibitors which may be employed herein include, but are not limited to,fluvastatin, disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,354,772, cerivastatin, asdisclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,006,530 and 5,177,080, atorvastatin, asdisclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,681,893, 5,273,995, 5,385,929 and5,686,104, atavastatin (Nissan/Sankyo's nisvastatin (NK-104)), asdisclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,011,930, visastatin (Shionogi-Astra/Zeneca(ZD-4522)), as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,260,440, and related statincompounds disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,753,675, pyrazole analogs ofmevalonolactone derivatives, as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,613,610,indene analogs of mevalonolactone derivatives, as disclosed in PCTapplication WO 86/03488,6-[2-(substituted-pyrrol-1-yl)-alkyl)pyran-2-ones and derivativesthereof, as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,647,576, Searle's SC-45355 (a3-substituted pentanedioic acid derivative) dichloroacetate, imidazoleanalogs of mevalonolactone, as disclosed in PCT application WO86/07054,3-carboxy-2-hydroxy-propane-phosphonic acid derivatives, asdisclosed in French Patent No. 2,596,393, 2,3-disubstituted pyrrole,furan and thiophene derivatives, as disclosed in European PatentApplication No. 0221025, naphthyl analogs of mevalonolactone, asdisclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,686,237, octahydronaphthalenes, such asdisclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,499,289, keto analogs of mevinolin(lovastatin), as disclosed in European Patent Application No. 0142146A2, and quinoline and pyridine derivatives, as disclosed in U.S. Pat.Nos. 5,506,219 and 5,691,322.

Preferred hypolipidemic agents are pravastatin, lovastatin, simvastatin,atorvastatin, fluvastatin, cerivastatin, atavastatin and ZD-4522.

In addition, phosphinic acid compounds useful in inhibiting HMG CoAreductase, such as those disclosed in GB 2205837, are suitable for usein combination with the compound of the present invention.

The squalene synthetase inhibitors suitable for use herein include, butare not limited to, α-phosphono-sulfonates disclosed in U.S. Pat. No.5,712,396, those disclosed by Biller et al., J. Med. Chem.,31(10):1869-1871 (1988), including isoprenoid(phosphinyl-methyl)phosphonates, as well as other known squalenesynthetase inhibitors, for example, as disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos.4,871,721 and 4,924,024 and in Biller, S. A. et al., CurrentPharmaceutical Design, 2:1-40 (1996).

In addition, other squalene synthetase inhibitors suitable for useherein include the terpenoid pyrophosphates disclosed by Ortiz deMontellano, P. et al., J. Med. Chem., 20:243-249 (1977), the farnesyldiphosphate analog A and presqualene pyrophosphate (PSQ-PP) analogs asdisclosed by Corey et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 98:1291-1293 (1976),phosphinylphosphonates reported by McClard, R. W. et al., J. Am. Chem.Soc., 109:5544 (1987) and cyclopropanes reported by Capson, T. L.,Ph.D., dissertation, June, 1987, Dept. Med. Chem. U of Utah, Abstract,Table of Contents, pp. 16, 17, 40-43, 48-51, Summary.

The fibric acid derivatives which may be employed in combination thecompound of formula I include fenofibrate, gemfibrozil, clofibrate,bezafibrate, ciprofibrate, clinofibrate and the like, probucol, andrelated compounds, as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,674,836, probucol andgemfibrozil being preferred, bile acid sequestrants, such ascholestyramine, colestipol and DEAE-Sephadex (Secholex®, Policexide®),as well as lipostabil (Rhone-Poulenc), Eisai E-5050 (an N-substitutedethanolamine derivative), imanixil (HOE-402), tetrahydrolipstatin (THL),istigmastanylphos-phorylcholine (SPC, Roche), aminocyclodextrin (TanabeSeiyoku), Ajinomoto AJ-814 (azulene derivative), melinamide (Sumitomo),Sandoz 58-035, American Cyanamid CL-277,082 and CL-283,546(disubstituted urea derivatives), nicotinic acid, acipimox, acifran,neomycin, p-aminosalicylic acid, aspirin, poly(diallylmethylamine)derivatives, such as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,759,923, quaternaryamine poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) and ionenes, such asdisclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,027,009, and other known serum cholesterollowering agents.

The ACAT inhibitor which may be employed in combination the compound offormula I include those disclosed in Drugs of the Future, 24:9-15(1999), (Avasimibe); Nicolosi et al., “The ACAT inhibitor, Cl-1011 iseffective in the prevention and regression of aortic fatty streak areain hamsters”, Atherosclerosis (Shannon, Irel.), 137(1):77-85 (1998);Ghiselli, G., “The pharmacological profile of FCE 27677: a novel ACATinhibitor with potent hypolipidemic activity mediated by selectivesuppression of the hepatic secretion of ApoB100-containing lipoprotein”,Cardiovasc. Drug Rev., 16(1):16-30 (1998); Smith, C. et al., “RP 73163:a bioavailable alkylsulfinyl-diphenylimidazole ACAT inhibitor”, Bioorg.Med. Chem. Lett., 6(1):47-50 (1996); Krause, B. R. et al., Chapter 6:“ACAT Inhibitors: Physiologic Mechanisms for Hypolipidemic andAnti-Atherosclerotic Activities in Experimental Animals”, Inflammation:Mediators and Pathways, CRC Press, Inc., publ., Ruffolo, Jr., R. R. etal., eds., pp. 173-198 (1995); Sliskovic et al., “ACAT inhibitors:potential anti-atherosclerotic agents”, Curr. Med. Chem., 1(3):204-225(1994); Stout et al., “Inhibitors of acyl-CoA:cholesterol O-acyltransferase (ACAT) as hypocholesterolemic agents. 6. The firstwater-soluble ACAT inhibitor with lipid-regulating activity. Inhibitorsof acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT). 7. Development of aseries of substituted N-phenyl-N′-[(1-phenylcyclopentyl)methyl]ureaswith enhanced hypocholesterolemic activity”, Chemtracts: Org. Chem.,8(6):359-362 (1995), or TS-962 (Taisho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd).

The hypolipidemic agent may be an up-regulator of LD2 receptor activity,such as 1(3H)-isobenzofuranone,3-(13-hydroxy-10-oxotetradecyl)-5,7-dimethoxy-(MD-700, TaishoPharmaceutical Co. Ltd) and cholestan-3-ol,4-(2-propenyl)-(3a,4a,5a)-(LY295427, Eli Lilly).

Examples of suitable cholesterol absorption inhibitor for use incombination with the compound of the invention include SCH48461(Schering-Plough), as well as those disclosed in Atherosclerosis,115:45-63 (1995) and J. Med. Chem., 41:973 (1998).

Examples of suitable ileal Na⁺/bile acid co-transporter inhibitors foruse in combination with the compound of the invention include compoundsas disclosed in Drugs of the Future, 24:425-430 (1999).

The lipoxygenase inhibitors which may be employed in combination thecompound of formula I include 15-lipoxygenase (15-LO) inhibitors, suchas benzimidazole derivatives, as disclosed in WO 97/12615, 15-LOinhibitors, as disclosed in WO 97/12613, isothiazolones, as disclosed inWO 96/38144, and 15-LO inhibitors, as disclosed by Sendobry et al.,“Attenuation of diet-induced atherosclerosis in rabbits with a highlyselective 15-lipoxygenase inhibitor lacking significant antioxidantproperties”, Brit. J Pharmacology, 120:1199-1206 (1997), and Cornicelliet al., “15-Lipoxygenase and its Inhibition: A Novel Therapeutic Targetfor Vascular Disease”, Current Pharmaceutical Design, 5:11-20 (1999).

Examples of suitable anti-hypertensive agents for use in combinationwith the compound of the present invention include beta adrenergicblockers, calcium channel blockers (L-type and T-type; e.g., diltiazem,verapamil, nifedipine, amlodipine and mybefradil), diuretics (e.g.,chlorothiazide, hydrochlorothiazide, flumethiazide, hydroflumethiazide,bendroflumethiazide, methylchlorothiazide, trichloromethiazide,polythiazide, benzthiazide, ethacrynic acid tricrynafen, chlorthalidone,furosemide, musolimine, bumetanide, triamtrenene, amiloride,spironolactone), renin inhibitors, ACE inhibitors (e.g., captopril,zofenopril, fosinopril, enalapril, ceranopril, cilazopril, delapril,pentopril, quinapril, ramipril, lisinopril), AT-1 receptor antagonists(e.g., losartan, irbesartan, valsartan), ET receptor antagonists (e.g.,sitaxsentan, atrsentan and compounds disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos.5,612,359 and 6,043,265), Dual ET/All antagonist (e.g., compoundsdisclosed in WO 00/01389), neutral endopeptidase (NEP) inhibitors,vasopepsidase inhibitors (dual NEP-ACE inhibitors) (e.g., omapatrilatand gemopatrilat), and nitrates.

Examples of suitable anti-obesity agents for use in combination with thecompound of the present invention include a beta 3 adrenergic agonist, alipase inhibitor, a serotonin (and dopamine) reuptake inhibitor, athyroid receptor beta drug, 5HT2C agonists, (such as Arena APD-356);MCHR1 antagonists such as Synaptic SNAP-7941 and Takeda T-226926,melanocortin receptor (MC4R) agonists, melanin-concentrating hormonereceptor (MCHR) antagonists (such as Synaptic SNAP-7941 and TakedaT-226926), galanin receptor modulators, orexin antagonists, CCKagonists, NPY1 or NPY5 antagonist, NPY2 and NPY4 modulators,corticotropin releasing factor agonists, histamine receptor-3 (H3)modulators, 11-beta-HSD-1 inhibitors, adinopectin receptor modulators,monoamine reuptake inhibitors or releasing agents, a ciliaryneurotrophic factor (CNTF, such as AXOKINE® by Regeneron), BDNF(brain-derived neurotrophic factor), leptin and leptin receptormodulators, cannabinoid-1 receptor antagonists (such as SR-141716(Sanofi) or SLV-319 (Solvay)), and/or an anorectic agent.

The beta 3 adrenergic agonists which may be optionally employed incombination with compound of the present invention include AJ9677(Takeda/Dainippon), L750355 (Merck), or CP331648 (Pfizer,) or otherknown beta 3 agonists, as disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,541,204,5,770,615, 5,491,134, 5,776,983 and 5,488,064.

Examples of lipase inhibitors which may be optionally employed incombination with compound of the present invention include orlistat orATL-962 (Alizyme).

The serotonin (and dopamine) reuptake inhibitor (or serotonin receptoragonists) which may be optionally employed in combination with acompound of the present invention may be BVT-933 (Biovitrum),sibutramine, topiramate (Johnson & Johnson) or axokine (Regeneron).

Examples of thyroid receptor beta compounds which may be optionallyemployed in combination with the compound of the present inventioninclude thyroid receptor ligands, such as those disclosed in WO 97/21993(U. Cal SF), WO 99/00353 (KaroBio) and WO 00/039077 (KaroBio).

The monoamine reuptake inhibitors which may be optionally employed incombination with compound of the present invention include fenfluramine,dexfenfluramine, fluvoxamine, fluoxetine, paroxetine, sertraline,chlorphentermine, cloforex, clortermine, picilorex, sibutramine,dexamphetamine, phentermine, phenylpropanolamine or mazindol.

The anorectic agent which may be optionally employed in combination withthe compound of the present invention include topiramate (Johnson &Johnson), dexamphetamine, phentermine, phenylpropanolamine or mazindol.

The aforementioned patents and patent applications are incorporatedherein by reference.

The above other therapeutic agents, when employed in combination withthe compound of the present invention may be used, for example, in thoseamounts indicated in the Physicians' Desk Reference, as in the patentsset out above or as otherwise determined by one of ordinary skill in theart.

In carrying out the method of the invention, a pharmaceuticalcomposition will be employed containing a crystalline saxagliptin formof the invention, with or without another antidiabetic agent and/orother type therapeutic agent, in association with a pharmaceuticalvehicle or diluent. The pharmaceutical composition can be formulatedemploying conventional solid or liquid vehicles or diluents andpharmaceutical additives of a type appropriate to the mode of desiredadministration. The compounds can be administered to mammalian speciesincluding humans, monkeys, dogs, etc. by an oral route, for example, inthe form of tablets, capsules, granules or powders, or they can beadministered by a parenteral route in the form of injectablepreparations. The dose for adults is preferably between 1 and 300 mg perday, preferably between 2 and 100 mg/day, more preferably between 2 and50 mg/day such as 2.5 mg/day, 5 mg/day or 10 mg/day, which can beadministered in a single dose or in the form of individual doses from 1to 4 times per day.

A typical capsule for oral administration contains a crystallinesaxagliptin form of the invention (10 mg), lactose (75 mg) and magnesiumstearate (15 mg). The mixture is passed through a 60 mesh sieve andpacked into a No. 1 gelatin capsule.

A typical injectable preparation is produced by aseptically placing 10mg of a crystalline saxagliptin form of the invention into a vial,aseptically freeze-drying and sealing. For use, the contents of the vialare mixed with 2 mL of physiological saline, to produce an injectablepreparation.

1. A crystalline form of a compound of the structure

in the form of a hydrate thereof, a solvate thereof, or the free basethereof or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof other than atrifluoroacetic acid salt.
 2. The crystalline form as defined in claim 1in substantially pure form.
 3. The crystalline form as defined in claim1 (a) in the form of a monohydrate of the free base (form H-1); (b) inthe form of a hemihydrate of the free base (0.5 equiv. H₂O) (formH.5-2); or (c) in the form of the neat (solvent-free) free base (formN-3), in substantially pure form.
 4. The crystalline form as defined inclaim 1 in the form of (I) a hydrated hydrochloric acid salt (a) whichis the monohydrochloride salt H2-1 form containing 2 equiv. H₂O, insubstantially pure form; (b) which is the monohydrochloride salt H0.75-3form containing 0.75 equiv. H₂O, in substantially pure form; (c) whichis the monohydrochloride salt H1.25-2 form containing 1.25 equiv. H₂O,in substantially pure form; (d) which is the 1.33 HCl salt form H1.67-1containing 1.67 equivalents H₂O; (e) which is the dihydrochloride saltH2-1 form containing 2 equivalents H₂O in substantially pure form; (f)the hydrochloride salt Pattern P-5; (g) a mixture of the hydratedhydrochloric acid salt which is the H2-1 form in substantially pure formand the hydrated monohydrochloric acid salt which is the H0.75-3 form,in substantially pure form; or in the form of a (II) hydrated HBr saltwhich is the H2-1 form containing 2 equiv. H₂O, or the HBr salt which isthe HI-2 form containing 1 equiv. H₂O, or which is the hydrated hydrogeniodide (H1) salt form H2-1 containing 2 equiv. H₂O; or in the form of(III) the hydrated ammonium sulfate salt (NH₄SO₄) form H3-1 containing 3equiv. H₂O; or in the form of (IV) the nitrate (NO₃) salt form N-1 or inthe form of the hydrated benzoate salt form H-1 containing 1 equiv. H₂O;or in the form of (V) the hydrated R—H-tartrate salt form H.5-1containing 0.5 equiv. of H₂O; or in the form of (VI) the hydratedfumarate salt form H4-1 containing 4 equiv. H₂O.
 5. A crystalline formof a compound of the structure

(a) in the form of the trifluoroacetic acid salt form N-1, insubstantially pure form; (b) in the form of the hydrated trifluoroaceticacid salt form H2-2 containing 2 equiv. H₂O, in substantially pure form;(c) in the form of the hemihydrated trifluoroacetic acid salt form H.5-1containing 0.5 equiv. H₂O, in substantially pure form; (d) the hydratedbenzoate salt form H-1 containing 1 equiv. H₂O in substantially pureform; (e) in the form of a monohydrate of the free base (1 equiv. H₂O)(form H-1); (f) in the form of a hemihydrate of the free base (0.5equiv. H₂O) (form H.5-2); or (g) in the form of the free base (formN-3), in substantially pure form.
 6. The crystal form as defined inclaim 4 in the form of a hydrated monoHCl salt in substantially pureform which is a mixture of form H2-1 and form H0.75-3 and/or PatternP-5.
 7. The crystalline form as defined in claim 3 which is (I) themonohydrate of the free base (form H-1) characterized by unit cellparameters substantially equal to the following: Cell dimensions forsingle crystal a=7.270(1) Å b=14.234(1) Å c=16.929(1) Å α=90° β=90°γ=90° Space group P2₁2₁2₁ Molecules/asymmetric unit 1 wherein saidcrystalline form is at about 22° C., the observed and simulated powderX-ray diffraction pattern substantially in accordance with that shown inFIG. 1; or powder X-ray diffraction pattern characteristic peakpositions comprising the following 2θ values (CuKαλ—1.5418 Å) 12.4±1,13.3±1, 13.6±1, 14.7±1, 16.2±1, 18.2±1, 19.9±1, 20.9±1, 21.9±1 and22.4±1 at about room temperature; or positional parameters substantiallyas listed in Table 2; or a differential scanning calorimetry thermogramsubstantially in accordance with that shown in FIG. 2, having anendotherm in the range from at about room temperature to about 120° C.;or a thermal gravimetric analysis curve substantially in accordance withthat shown in FIG. 3 having a weight loss of about 5.4% up to about 120°C.; or a Raman observed spectrum at room temperature as substantiallyshown in FIG. 4; or an observed infrared spectrum at room temperature assubstantially shown in FIG. 5; or a 0.1% weight gain in the range of25-75% pH at 25° C.; or which is (II) the hemihydrate of the free base(H0.5-2) which is characterized by unit cell parameters substantiallyequal to the following: Cell dimensions a(Å) 13.841(2) b(Å) 13.841(2)c(Å) 15.273(6) α°  90 β°  90 γ° 120° Space group P6₄Molecules/asymmetric unit  1 wherein the crystalline form is at about−40° C.

or which is characterized by fractional atomic coordinates substantiallyas listed in Table 2 (form H0.5-2); or which is (III) the free base(form N-3) characterized by unit cell parameters substantially equal tothe following: Cell dimensions for single crystal a=22.739(2) Åb=25.646(2) Å c=8.6785(3) Å α=90 β=90 γ=90 Space group P2₁2₁2₁Molecules/asymmetric unit 3 wherein said crystalline form is at about+22° C.; the observed and simulated powder X-ray diffraction patternsubstantially in accordance with that shown in FIG. 25; or the powderpeak positions shown in Table A; or positional parameters substantiallyas listed in Table 5; or a differential scanning calorimetry thermogramsubstantially in accordance with that shown in FIG. 26; or athermogravimetric analysis (TGA) curve substantially in accordance withthat shown in FIG.
 27. 8. The crystalline form as defined in claim 4which is (I) the dihydrate of the monoHCl salt of the free base formH2-1 characterized by unit cell parameters substantially equal to thefollowing: Cell dimensions for single crystal (2H₂O) Temperature ° C. at−50° C. at +22° C. a(Å) 10.994(1) 11.026(4) b(Å)  6.834(1) 6.8436(2)c(Å) 12.922(1) 12.9928(4)  α°  90  90 β° 95.66(1) 95.734(2) γ°  90  90Space group P2₁ P2₁ Molecules/asymmetric unit  1  1

the observed and simulated powder X-ray diffraction patternsubstantially in accordance with that shown in FIG. 6; or powder X-raydiffraction pattern characteristic peak positions comprising thefollowing 2θ values (CuKαλ—1.5418 Å) 6.8±0.1, 11.1±0.1, 13.7±0.1,14.6±0.1, 15.2±0.1, 16.4±0.1, 17.0±0.1, 20.2±0.1 and 21.1±0.1; orpositional parameters substantially as listed in Table 7A; or adifferential scanning calorimetry thermogram substantially in accordancewith that shown in FIG. 7, having an endotherm in the range from atabout room temperature to about 85° C.; or thermal gravimetric analysiscurve substantially in accordance with that shown in FIG. 8 having aweight loss of about 5.6% up to about 85° C.; or a Raman observedspectrum at room temperature as substantially shown in FIG. 9; or anobserved infrared spectrum at room temperature as substantially shown inFIG. 10; or which is (II) the 0.75 hydrate of the monoHCl salt of thefree base (form H0.75-3) characterized by unit cell parameterssubstantially equal to the following: Cell dimensions for single crystalHCl salt (form H0.75-3) a=43.913 Å b=6.759(1) Å c=17.948 Å α=90°β=134.98(1)° γ=90° Space group C2 Molecules/asymmetric unit 2 whereinsaid crystalline form is at about +22° C.; the observed and simulatedpowder X-ray diffraction pattern substantially in accordance with thatshown in FIG. 11; or powder X-ray diffraction pattern characteristicpeak positions comprising the following 2θ values (CuKαλ—1.5418 Å)5.0±0.1, 7.0±0.1, 8.1±0.1, 11.4±0.1, 13.4±0.1, 14.0±0.1, 14.5±0.1,18.6±0.1, 19.4±0.1 and 20.0±0.1 at about room temperature; or positionalparameters substantially as listed in Table 10; or a differentialscanning calorimetry thermogram substantially in accordance with thatshown in FIG. 12, having an endotherm in the range from at about roomtemperature to about 150° C.; or thermal gravimetric analysis curvesubstantially in accordance with that shown in FIG. 13 having a weightloss of about 3.84% up to about 120° C.; or a Raman observed spectrum atroom temperature as substantially shown in FIG. 14; or an observedinfrared spectrum at room temperature as substantially shown in FIG. 15;or which is (III) the 1.25 hydrate of the HCl salt of the free base(form H1.25-2) characterized by unit cell parameters substantially equalto the following: Cell dimensions for single crystal HCl salt (FormH1.25-2) Temperature ° C. at −50° C. at +22° C. a(Å) 31.198(8) 31.290(4)b(Å)  6.860(1)  6.880(1) c(Å) 19.652(6) 19.706(3) α°  90  90 β°114.98(2) 114.79(1) γ°  90  90 Space group C2 C2 Molecules/asymmetricunit  2  2

or characterized by the positional parameters substantially as listed inTable 11; or which is (IV) the 1.33HCl salt form H1.67-1 characterizedby unit cell parameters substantially equal to the following: CellDimensions for single crystal 1.33HCl (form H1.67-1) a=7.0209(3) Åb=12.9804(4) Å c=16.8658(6) Å α=75.698(2)° β=89.374(2)° γ=87.987(2)°Space group (SG)=P1 Molecules/asymmetric unit: 3 wherein saidcrystalline form is at about −50° C.; the observed and simulated powderX-ray diffraction pattern substantially in accordance with that shown inFIG. 16; or powder X-ray diffraction pattern characteristic peakpositions comprising the following 2θ values: (CuKαλ—1.5418 Å) 5.4±0.1,7.0±0.1, 13.8±0.1, 14.2±0.1, 14.6±0.1, 16.1±0.1, 16.6±0.1, 18.6±0.1,19.0±0.1 and 20.3±0.1 at about room temperature; or positionalparameters substantially as listed in Table 8A; or a differentialscanning calorimetry thermogram substantially in accordance with thatshown in FIG. 17; or a thermal gravimetric analysis curve substantiallyin accordance with that shown in FIG. 18; or a Raman observed spectrumat room temperature as substantially shown in FIG. 19; or an observedinfrared spectrum at room temperature as substantially shown in FIG. 20;or which is (V) the di-HCl salt of saxagliptin free base (form H2-1)containing 2 equiv. H₂O having powder X-ray diffraction peak positionscomprising the following 2θ values: (CuKαλ—1.5418 Å) 7.2±0.1, 8.6±0.1,11.6±0.1, 14.3±0.1, 15.7±0.1, 19.5±0.1, 22.5±0.1; or positionalparameters substantially as listed in Table 12A; or which is (VI) thedihydrate of the HBr salt of the free base form H2-1 characterized byunit cell parameters substantially equal to the following: Celldimensions for single crystal HBr salt dihydrate (Form H2-1) Temperature° C. at −50° C. at +22° C. a(Å) 11.120(1) 11.073(7) b(Å)  6.888(1) 6.877(7) c(Å) 12.993(1) 13.029(5) Å α°  90 90 β°  94.60(1)  94.74(4) γ° 90 90 Space group P2₁ P2₁ Molecules/asymmetric unit  1  1

or characterized by fractional atomic coordinates substantially aslisted in Table 14; or which is (VII) the monohydrate of the HBr salt ofthe free base form H1-2 characterized by unit cell parameterssubstantially equal to the following: Cell dimensions for single crystalHBr salt monohydrate Form H1-2 (1H₂O) a=23.30(1) Å b=6.77(1) Åc=12.90(2) Å α=90° β=102.2(1)° γ=90° Space group C2 Molecules/asymmetricunit 1 wherein said crystalline form is at about 22° C.; orcharacterized by fractional atomic coordinates substantially as listedin Table 16; or which is (VIII) the hemihydrate of the R—H-tartrate saltof the free base form H.5-1 characterized by unit cell parameterssubstantially equal to the following: Cell dimensions for single crystalR—H-Tartrate Salt Form H.5-1 (0.5 equiv. H₂O) at −173° C. a=7.070(1) Åb=16.400(1) Å c=19.640(1) Å α=90° β=97.69(2)° γ=90° Space group P2₁Molecules/asymmetric unit 2; or characterized by positional parameterssubstantially as listed in Table 18; or which is (IX) the trihydrate ofthe ammonium sulfate salt of the free base form H3-1 characterized byunit cell parameters substantially equal to the following: Celldimensions for single crystal NH₄SO₄ Form H3-1 (3H₂O) a=31.671(1) Åb=6.685(1) Å c=11.394(1) Å α=90° β=103.15(1)° γ=90° Space group C2Molecules/asymmetric unit 1 wherein said crystalline form is at about−50° C.; or positional parameters substantially as listed in Table 20;or which is (X) the nitrate salt of the free base form N-1 characterizedby unit cell parameters substantially equal to the following: Celldimensions for single crystal a=20.615(1) Å b=25.214(1) Å c=7.034(1) Åα=90° β=90° γ=90° Space group P2₁2₁2₁ Molecules/asymmetric unit 2wherein said crystalline form is at about +22° C.; or characterized bythe observed and simulated powder X-ray diffraction patternsubstantially in accordance with that shown in FIG. 21; or powder X-raydiffraction pattern characteristic peak positions comprising thefollowing 2θ values (CuKαλ—1.5418 Å) 5.5±0.1, 7.0±0.1, 11.1±0.1,14.4±0.1, 15.1±0.1, 15.7±0.1, 16.4±0.1, 16.8±0.1 and 19.6±0.1 at aboutroom temperature; or characterized by positional parameterssubstantially as listed in Table 22; or which is (XI) the tetrahydrateof the fumarate (2:1) salt of the free base form H4-1 characterized byunit cell parameters substantially equal to the following: Celldimensions for single crystal Fumarate Salt Form H4-1 (4H₂O) a=11.429(1)Å b=26.979(2) Å c=6.803(2) Å α=90° β=90.32(2)° γ=90° Space group P2₁Molecules/asymmetric unit 2 wherein said crystalline form is at about+22° C.; or characterized by positional parameters substantially aslisted in Table 24; or which is (XII) the hydrated HI salt, which is theH2-1 form, containing 2 equiv. H₂O which is characterized by unit cellparameters substantially equal to the following: Cell dimensions forsingle crystal H1 Salt Form H2-1 (2 Equiv. H₂O) at −20° C. a=11.267(1) Åb=7.006(4) Å c=13.22(2) Å α=90° β=93.96(9)° γ=90° Space group P2₁Molecules/asymmetric unit 1; or which is (XIII) the hydrochloride saltPattern P-5 characterized by the X-ray diffraction patternssubstantially in accordance with that shown in FIGS. 28 and 29; thediffraction peak positions shown in Table A′; and the FT-NIR spectrumshown in FIG.
 30. 9. The crystalline form as defined in claim 5 which is(I) the trifluoroacetate salt of the free base (form N-1) characterizedby unit cell parameters substantially equal to the following: Celldimensions for single crystal TFA Salt (Form N-1) a=11.631(2) Åb=6.599(1) Å c=13.838(1) Å α=90° β=104.24(1)° γ=90° Space group P2₁Molecules/asymmetric unit 1 wherein said crystalline form is at about22° C.; or characterized by positional parameters substantially aslisted in Table 26; or which is (II) the dihydrate of thetrifluoroacetate salt of the free base (form H2-2) characterized by unitcell parameters substantially equal to the following: Cell dimensionsfor single crystal TFA Salt Form H2-2 (2H₂O) a=11.935(2) Å b=7.665(2) Åc=13.386(1) Å α=90° β=114.61(1)° γ=90° Space group P2₁Molecules/asymmetric unit 1 wherein said crystalline form is at about22° C.; or characterized by fractional atomic coordinates substantiallyas listed in Table 28; or which is (III) the hemihydrate of thehemitrifluoroacetate salt of the free base form H.5-1 characterized byunit cell parameters substantially equal to the following: Celldimensions for single crystal (Form H.5-1 (0.5H₂O)) Temperature ° C. +22−50° C. a(Å) 22.266(3) 22.3403(6) b(Å) 25.318(3) 25.1636(7) c(Å) 7.012(1)  6.9951(2) α°  90  90 β°  90  90 γ°  90  90

Space group P2₁2₁2 Molecules/asymmetric unit 2 wherein said crystallineform is at about −50° C.; or characterized by positional parameterssubstantially as listed in Table 30; or which is (IV) the hydratedbenzoate salt of the free base (form H-1) containing 1 equiv. H₂Ocharacterized by unit cell parameters substantially equal to thefollowing: Cell dimensions for single crystal Temperature ° C. at −40°C. at +22° C. a,(Å)  6.4065(2)  6.4316(2) b(Å) 16.9843(4) 17.0611(4)c(Å) 21.2504(5) 21.3010(5) α°  90  90 β°  90  90 γ°  90  90 Space groupP2₁2₁2₁ P2₁2₁2₁ Molecules/asymmetric unit   1   1

or by the observed and simulated powder X-ray diffraction patternsubstantially in accordance with that shown in FIG. 22; or powder X-raydiffraction pattern characteristic peak positions comprising thefollowing 2θ values (CuKαλ—1.5418 Å) 6.6±1, 8.3±1, 15.3±1, 16.1±1,16.9±1, 17.5±1, 17.8±1, 18.6±1 and 21.3±1 at about room temperature; ora differential scanning calorimetry thermogram substantially inaccordance with that shown in FIG. 23, having an endotherm in the rangefrom at about room temperature to about 120° C.; or a thermalgravimetric analysis curve substantially in accordance with that shownin FIG. 24 having a weight loss of about 3.94% up to about 120° C. 10.The crystalline form as defined in claim 1 as set out below: B=thebase=saxagliptin Drug(s) in Other compounds Form Name asymmetric unit inasymmetric unit H2-1 BH⁺ Cl⁻ 2 H₂O H0.75-3 2 (BH⁺ Cl⁻) 0.75 H₂O H1.25-22 (BH⁺ Cl⁻) 1.25 H₂O H1.67-1 * 3 (BH⁺ Cl⁻) H₅O₂ ⁺ + Cl⁻ + 3H₂O H2-1 *(BH⁺ Cl⁻) H₅O₂ ⁺ + Cl⁻ H2-1 BH⁺ Br⁻ 2 H₂O H-1 BH⁺Br⁻ 1 H₂O H2-1 BH⁺ I⁻ 2H₂O H3-1 (BH⁺)(NH₄ ⁺)SO₄ ⁼ 3 H₂O H4-1 2(BH⁺) fumarate⁼ 4 H₂O H.5-1 2(BH⁺R-H-tartrate⁻) 1 H₂O H-1 BH⁺ benzoate⁻ 1 H₂O N-1 BH⁺ NO₃ ⁻ None N-1 BH⁺TFA⁻ None H2-2 BH⁺ TFA⁻ 2 H₂O H.5-1 ** (BH⁺TFA⁻) + B 1 H₂O H-1 B 1 H₂OH.5-2 B 0.5 H₂O N-3 3 B None * a “hyperacid salt” - more than one HClper drug ** a “hyperbase salt” - less than one TFA per drug


11. A pharmaceutical composition which comprises a crystalline form asdefined in claim 1 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier therefor.12. A process for preparing crystalline saxagliptin in the form of themonohydrate of its free base form H-1 as defined in claim 3 whichcomprises: (I) (a) providing the Boc-protected form of saxagliptinhaving the structure

(b) dissolving the protected saxagliptin from step (a) in an organicsolvent; (c) reacting the solution from step (b) with a strong mineralacid; (d) optionally, adding organic solvent to the reaction mixturefrom step (c); (e) cooling the reaction mixture to a temperature withinthe range from about 5 to about 35° C.; (f) treating the cooled mixturefrom step (e) with base; (g) filtering the mixture from step (f) toseparate the solids from filtrate; (h) optionally washing the solidswith organic solvent; (i) collecting and concentrating filtrate; (j) ifnecessary, adding water to the filtrate; (k) agitating the filtrateuntil crystals form; (l) optionally, repeating step (j); (m) optionally,agitating the filtrate; and (n) recovering crystals of saxagliptin freebase monohydrate (form H-1) in substantially pure form; or a process(II) which comprises: (a) providing the Boc-protected saxagliptin IA;(b) reacting a mixture of the Boc-protected saxagliptin IA in an organicsolvent and an alcohol solvent with hydrochloric acid, and forming anaqueous phase and an organic phase form; (c) collecting the aqueousphase; (d) mixing the aqueous phase with organic solvent and water, andthen strong base to adjust pH to within the range from about 8.8 toabout 10.8; (e) adding sodium chloride to the reaction mixture; (f)mixing the reaction mixture, whereby an aqueous phase and an organicphase form; (g) optionally, washing the organic layer with a brinesolution to form an aqueous layer and an organic layer; (h) treating theorganic layer with an organic solvent while distilling off a portion ofthe organic solvent; (i) filtering the remaining distillation product toremove sodium chloride; (j) concentrating the filtrate; (k) adding waterto the mixture from step (j) until crystallization begins; (l)optionally, adding additional water to form a slurry; (m) optionally,mixing the slurry; (n) filtering the slurry; (o) optionally, washing theresulting wet cake with organic solvent; (p) drying the wet cake undervacuum to obtain crystalline saxagliptin I in the form of themonohydrate of its free base (form H-1); and (q) recovering thecrystalline monohydrate form H-1 in substantially pure form; or aprocess (III) which comprises: (a) providing the Boc-protected form ofsaxagliptin (IA); (b) heating the Boc-protected form of saxagliptin (IA)in an alcohol solvent and a concentrated mineral acid at a temperaturewithin the range from about 55 to about 75° C.; (c) adding water to thereaction mixture; (d) cooling the mixture from step (c) to a temperaturewithin the range from about 15 to about 35° C.; (e) adding to the cooledmixture an organic solvent and adjusting the pH of the mixture to withinthe range from about 8 to about 10, using a base; (f) dissolving sodiumchloride in the pH adjusted solution which forms two phases; (g)separating the two phases and collecting the rich organic phase; (h)concentrating the rich organic phase to remove residual water; (i)cooling the organic phase to a temperature within the range from about15 to about 35° C.; (j) adding solvent to the cooled mixture; (k)filtering the resulting solution to remove residual sodium chloride; (l)adding water to the solution, and upon standing, to form crystals ofsaxagliptin free base monohydrate; and (m) recovering crystals ofsaxagliptin free base monohydrate form H-1 in substantially pure form;or a process for preparing crystalline saxagliptin in the form of thefree base (form N-3) as defined in claim 3, which comprises: (a)providing saxagliptin in the form of its monohydrate of the free base(form H-1); (b) dissolving the H-1 form of saxagliptin in an organicsolvent; (c) evaporating the resulting solution in step (b) to drynessto form an oil; (d) dissolving the resulting oil from step (c) in anorganic solvent; and (e) evaporating the resulting solution from step(d) to form a slurry of crystals of the free base of saxagliptin (formN-3); or a process for preparing the crystalline monohydrochloride saltof saxagliptin in the form of its dihydrate which is form H2-1 asdefined in claim 4, which comprises: (a) providing saxagliptin in theform of its trifluoroacetic acid salt; (b) dissolving the salt from step(a) in water; (c) adjusting the pH of the resulting aqueous solution toa pH within the range from about 9 to about 9.8, with a strong base andform an aqueous phase and in organic phase; (d) treating the resultingmixture from step (c) with an organic solvent to extract the aqueouslayer from the rich organic layer; (e) adding a solution of hydrochloricacid to the rich organic solution; (f) evaporating the organic solutionto dryness; (g) dissolving the resulting solids from step (f) in analcohol solvent; (h) heating the solution from step (g) to a temperaturewithin the range from about 35 to about 60° C.; (i) adding t-butylmethylether (MTBE) to the heated solution from step (h) to form a slurry; (j)cooling the resulting slurry; (k) filtering the slurry; and (l) dryingthe resulting wet cake to obtain crystals of saxagliptin dihydrate inthe form of its hydrochloride salt (form H2-1) or a process forpreparing crystalline saxagliptin HCl salt containing 1.25 equiv. H₂O(form H1.25-2) as defined in claim 4 which comprises: (a) dissolvingsaxagliptin free base in hydrochloric acid and causing crystals ofsaxagliptin HCl salt containing 1.25 equiv. H₂O (form H1.25-2) to form;and (b) recovering crystals from step (a); or a process for preparingcrystalline saxagliptin free base containing 0.5 equiv. H₂O (form H.5-2)as defined in claim 4 which comprises: (a) dissolving saxagliptin freebase in warm xylene causing crystals of saxagliptin free base saltcontaining 0.5 equiv. of H₂O (form H.5-2) to form; and (b) recoveringcrystals of saxagliptin free base (0.5 equiv. H₂O) form H.5-2 from step(a); or a process for preparing the crystalline 1.33 hydrochloride saltof saxagliptin in the form of its 1.67 hydrate (form H1.67-1) as definedin claim 4, which comprises the steps of: (a) providing the Bocprotected compound

(b) dissolving the Boc protected compound in an organic solvent; (c)reacting the Boc protected compound with hydrochloric acid to formcrystalline; and (d) recovering the so-formed crystals of hydratedhydrogen chloride and salt of saxagliptin (form H1.67); or a process forpreparing the crystalline di-hydrochloride salt of saxagliptin in theform of its dihydrate (2HCl) (form H-1) as defined in claim 4, whichcomprises the steps of: (a) dissolving the free base monohydrate ofsaxagliptin (form H-1) in HCl, dioxane and ethanol; and (b) uponstanding at room temperature, recovering salt crystals of thedihydrochloride salt (form H2-1); or a process for preparing thecrystalline hydrochloride salt of saxagliptin in the form of its hydrate(1.5 equiv. H₂O) (form H0.75-3) as defined in claim 4, which comprises(a) heating the monohydrochloride salt dihydrate (form H2-1) at atemperature from about 25 to about 55° C. for about 1 to about 2 hours;and (b) recovering crystals of the hydrochloride salt from HO.75-3. 13.A pharmaceutical combination comprising a crystalline saxagliptin formas defined in claim 1 and an antidiabetic agent other than a DPP4inhibitor for treating diabetes and related diseases, an anti-obesityagent and/or a lipid-modulating agent.
 14. The pharmaceuticalcombination as defined in claim 13 comprising said crystallinesaxagliptin form and an antidiabetic agent.
 15. The combination asdefined in claim 14 wherein the antidiabetic agent is 1, 2, 3 or more ofa biguanide, a sulfonyl urea, a glucosidase inhibitor, a PPAR γ agonist,a CTEP inhibitor, a PPAR α/γ dual agonist, an SGLT2 inhibitor, an aP2inhibitor, a glycogen phosphorylase inhibitor, an AGE inhibitor, aninsulin sensitizer, a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) or mimeticthereof, insulin and/or a meglitinide.
 16. The combination as defined inclaim 14 wherein the anti-obesity agent is orlistat, ATL-962, AJ9677,L750355, CP331648, sibutramine, topiramate, axokine, dexamphetamine,phentermine, phenylpropanolamine, famoxin, and/or mazindol, and whereinthe lipid modulating agent is pravastatin, lovastatin, simvastatin,atorvastatin, cerivastatin, fluvastatin, nisvastatin, visastatin,fenofibrate, gemfibrozil, clofibrate, implitapide, CP-529,414,avasimibe, TS-962, MD-700, and/or LY295427.
 17. The combination asdefined in claim 13 wherein the anti-obesity agent is a beta 3adrenergic agonist, a lipase inhibitor, a serotonin (and dopamine)reuptake inhibitor, a thyroid receptor beta compound, an anorecticagent, and/or a fatty acid oxidation upregulator, and wherein the lipidmodulating agent is an MTP inhibitor, an HMG CoA reductase inhibitor, asqualene synthetase inhibitor, a fibric acid derivative, an upregulatorof LDL receptor activity, a lipoxygenase inhibitor, an ACAT inhibitor, acholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitor, or an ATP citrate lyaseinhibitor.
 18. The combination as defined in claim 14 wherein theantidiabetic agent is 1, 2, 3 or more of metformin, glyburide,glimepiride, glipyride, glipizide, chlorpropamide, gliclazide, acarbose,miglitol, pioglitazone, troglitazone, dapagliflozin, rosiglitazone,insulin, Gl-262570, isaglitazone, JTT-501, N,N-2344, L895645, YM-440,R-119702, AJ9677, repaglinide, nateglinide, KAD1129, APR—HO39242,GW-409544, KRP297, AC2993, Exendin-4, LY307161, NN2211, and/or LY315902.19. The combination as defined in claim 14 wherein the otherantidiabetic agent is metformin or glyburide or glipizide ordapagliflozin.
 20. The combination as defined in claim 14 comprising HClsalt or saxagliptin (dihydrate) form H2-1 and metformin ordapagliflozin.
 21. A method for treating diabetes, insulin resistance,hyperglycemia, hyperisulinemia, dyslipidemia or elevated blood levels offree fatty acids or glycerol, obesity, Syndrome X, dysmetabolicsyndrome, diabetic complications, hypertriglyceridemia,hyperinsulinemia, atherosclerosis, impaired glucose homeostasis,impaired glucose tolerance, infertility, polycystic ovary syndrome,growth disorders, frailty, arthritis, allograft rejection intransplantation, autoimmune diseases, AIDS, intestinal diseases,inflammatory bowel syndrome, nervosa, osteoporosis, or animmunomodulatory disease or a chronic inflammatory bowel disease, whichcomprises administering to a mammalian species in need of treatment oran effective amount of a compound as defined in claim 1 alone or incombination with another therapeutic agent.
 22. A method for treatingtype II diabetes which comprises administering to a mammalian species inneed of treatment an effective amount of a compound as defined in claim1 alone or in combination with another therapeutic agent.
 23. Use of acompound as defined in claim 1 alone or in combination with anothertherapeutic agent in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatmentof diabetes.
 24. A compound as defined in claim 1 alone or incombination with another therapeutic agent for use in therapy intreating diabetes.
 25. The at least one compound as defined in claim 1alone or in combination with another therapeutic agent for use intreating diabetes in a mammal.